4.8. An expanded list of Metadata Schemas and Element Sets
4.8.1. Bibliographic Description
- MARC (MAchine-Readable Cataloging)
http://www.loc.gov/marc/
MARC provides the mechanism by which computers exchange,
use, and interpret bibliographic information, and its data elements make
up the foundation of most library catalogs used today. MARC became USMARC
in the 1980s and MARC 21 in the late 1990s.
- MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema)
http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/
MODS includes a subset of MARC fields and uses language-based
tags rather than numeric ones, in some cases regrouping elements from
the MARC 21 bibliographic format. MODS is expressed using the XML schema
language of the World Wide Web Consortium.
- MARC XML
http://www.loc.gov/marcxml
A framework for working with MARC data in a XML environment.
- DUBLIN CORE
http://dublincore.org/
The Dublin Core metadata element set is a standard for cross-domain information resource description. It is now a U.S. national and internation standard.
- GILS (Government Information Locator Service/Global Information Locator Service)
http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/gils/index.html
(application site)
Metadata Elements http://www.gils.net/elements.html
- RFC 1807 (Format for Bibliographic Records)
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1807.html
A format for bibliographic records describing technical reports.
- TEI Headers (Text Encoding Initiative)
http://www.tei-c.org/
An international standard for representing all kinds
of literary and linguistic texts for online research and teaching.
Projects using TEI
- W3C PICS (Platform for Internet Content Selection)
http://www.w3.org/PICS/
It enables labels (metadata) to be associated with Internet
content. It was originally designed to help parents and teachers control
what children access on the Internet, but it also facilitates other uses
for labels, including code signing and privacy. The PICS platform is one
on which other rating services and filtering software have been built.
4.8.2. Images and Objects
4.8.3. Geospatial Data
4.8.4. Archives
- EAD (Encoded Archival Description) DTD
http://www.loc.gov/ead/
For encoding archival finding aids using the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
- Recordkeeping Metadata Standard for Commonwealth Agencies (1999)
http://www.naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/control/rkms/contents.html
Describes the metadata that the National Archives of Australia recommends should be captured in the recordkeeping systems used by Commonwealth government agencies.
4.8.5. E-commerce and Right Management
- The INDECS project
Website: http://www.indecs.org/
The <indecs> metadata framework: Principles, model and data dictionary
http://www.indecs.org/pdf/framework.pdf
Created to address the need, in the digital environment, to put different creation identifiers and their supporting metadata into a framework where they could operate side by side, especially to support the management of intellectual property rights. The main focus of <indecs> is on the use of what is commonly (if imprecisely) called content or intellectual property.
- ONIX (Online Information Exchange)
http://www.editeur.org/onix.html
Built on the <indecs> Framework, developed and maintained by EDItEUR jointly with book industries.
The ONIX for Books Product Information Message is the international standard for representing and communicating book industry product information in electronic form. It has elements to record a wide range of evaluative and promotional information as well as basic bibliographic and trade data.
- Rights Metadata, by the Book Industry Communication
website: http://www.bic.org.uk/rights.html
- Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata (PRISM)
http://www.prismstandard.org/specifications/
The specification defines an XML metadata vocabulary for syndicating, aggregating, post-processing and multi-purposing magazine, news, catalog, book, and mainstream journal content.
The scope of the PRISM Specification was driven by the needs of publishers to receive, track, and deliver multi-part content. The focus is on additional uses for the content, so metadata concerning the content's appearance is outside PRISM's scope. The working group focused on metadata for:
- General-purpose description of resources as a whole
- Specification of a resource's relationships to other resources
- Definition of intellectual property rights and permissions
- Expressing inline metadata (that is, markup within the resource itself).
- DOI -- Digital Object Identifier, by the International DOI Foundation
A system for identifying and exchanging intellectual property in the digital environment. It provides a framework for managing intellectual content, for linking customers with content suppliers, for facilitating electronic commerce, and enabling automated copyright management for all types of media.
4.8.6. Educational-purpose
4.8.7. Media-Specific
4.8.8. Preservation of digital objects
- Preservation Metadata for Digital Objects: A Review of the State of the Art
http://www.oclc.org/research/pmwg/presmeta_wp.pdf
- CEDARS Project: CEDARS Preservation Metadata Elements
http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/MD-STR~5.pdf
A metadata framework which will enable the long-term
preservation of digital resources. This metadata is required to support
meaningful access to the archived digital content and includes descriptive,
administrative, technical and legal information.
- National Library of Australia. Preservation Metadata for Digital Collections: Exposure Draft
http://www.nla.gov.au/preserve/pmeta.html
Because of its pressing business needs to manage both
"born digital" and "digital surrogate" collections, the National Library
of Australia has tried to find, or if necessary develop, metadata models
to accommodate both.
- Networked European Deposit Library. Metadata for Long Term Preservation
http://www.kb.nl/coop/nedlib/results/preservationmetadata.pdf
Defines the core minimum metadata that are mandatory for preservation
management purposes, in order to handle large amounts of data items in a changing technological environment.
4.8.9. Collection Level Description
EAD (Encoded Archival Description) DTD
http://www.loc.gov/ead/
For encoding archival finding aids using the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
Z39.50 Profile for Access to Digital Collection
("Z39.50" refers to the International Standard, ISO 23950: "Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification", and to ANSI/NISO Z39.50)
http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/markup/markup.html
The protocol addresses communication between corresponding information retrieval applications, the client and server (which may reside on different computers).
4.8.10. Internet Computing
- CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture)
Applications http://www.corba.org/
Specification: http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/
corba_spec_catalog.htm
- Specification of an architecture for middleware
technology called an Object Request Broker that provides interoperability
among clients and servers distributed over a heterogeneous environment.
- " Using the standard protocol IIOP, a CORBA-based
program from any vendor, on almost any computer, operating system, programming
language, and network, can interoperate with a CORBA-based program from
the same or another vendor, on almost any other computer, operating
system, programming language, and network."
Source: http://www.omg.org/gettingstarted/corbafaq.htm
4.8.11. Numeric Data
- ICPSR Data Documentation Initiative (DDI)
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI/CODEBOOK/index.html
An international XML-based standard for the content, presentation, transport, and preservation of documentation for datasets in the social and behavioral sciences.
- Standard for Survey Design and Statistical Methodology Metadata (SDSM), The Bureau of the Census
http://www.census.gov/srd/www/metadata/
ASA96TOC.HTML
To define the necessary metadata to describe all aspects of survey design, processing, analysis, and data sets.
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