Collection Items
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 1 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft Ln THE PROSPECTS FOR LIFE ON MARS A POST MARINER 9 ASSESSMENT Carl Sagan Laboratory for Planetary Studies Cornell University Ithaca New York 14850 and Joshua Lederberg Department of Medical Genetics Stanford...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 2 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft INTRODUCTION The Mariner 9 orbital mission to Mars obtained 7200 photographs of the entire planetary surface hundreds of occultation profiles and infrared radiometric observations and tens of thousands of ultraviolet and Infrared...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 3 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 2 MARINER 9 AND HISTORICAL CLAIMS FOR OBSERVATIONS OP MARTIAN BIOLOGY These historical claims and their refutation or reinterpretation are now briefly summarized A network of fine rectilinear markings reported on Mars...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 4 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 3 The apparent secular acceleration of Phobos the Innermost moon of Mars interpreted as due to drag in the Martian atmosphere led Shklovskll to propose an origin of Phobos as a hollow...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 5 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 4 stringent limiting factor for possible Martian biology However the water need be liquid only within the organism Even on Earth organisms are known which acquire all their water in the vapor...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 6 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 5 for Mars of adsorbed layers tens of A thick that can function as solvent on the surface of soil particles These gummy layers on microbes are sometimes microns thick often exceeding...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 7 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 6 ice deposited in soil interstices may enter a temporary liquid phase due to the soil diffusion barrier If the soil can hinder evaporation long enough for the ice to reach 10C...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 8 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 7 freeze water The permanent polar cap is thought to have considerably larger amounts of frozen water Murray et al 1972 A local slope of Xo at low latitudes is the temperature...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 9 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft Sif iv 1973 Milton 1973 Carr 1971 Pieri 197 suggest a significant climatic variability of the Martian environment For many of the channels no plausible alternative to flowing surface liquid water has...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 10 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 9 very poorly Biological evolution has a major stochastic component which makes biology more akin to history than to planetary physics We will never be able to make precise predictive models in...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 11 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 4 10 forces h tempérât igh ures humidities to occur at typical nightt It i3 known Pollack et al 19jïs0 Lme that SmK r the hydration water of ferrie oxide polyhydrates or...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 12 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 11 Class IV organisms Organisms inhabiting low temperature and low water activity ecological niches They are by ordinary terrestrial standards the most exotic But technological H sapiens is on occasion a Class...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 13 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 12 rockeaters and pagophages Greek iceeaters respectively Finally we note that the internal environment of Class II III or IV organisms may be a Class I environment for parasites or commensual organisms...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 14 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft V 13 1973 or by 1 cm depth of Martian surface particulates Sagan and Pollack 1974 at which depth there may still be enough visible light for photosynthesis Thus Martian organisms may...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 15 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 14 atmosphere should be greatly improved in the near future by mass spectrometers on Mars atmosphere entry probes Let us consider the case that the atmospheric N abundance on Mars proves to...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 16 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 15 animals may metabolize organic material produced by Martian plantsj or alternatively may live out a heterotrophic existence off carbohydrates produced by ultraviolet irradiation of the Martian atmosphere see iP4ftj Hubbard et...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 17 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 16 Martian macrobes have the advantage that they can be detected without assumptions on their biochemistry A lander imaging experiment for example can detect an unusual biogeometry even if the macrobes metabolism...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 18 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 17 is restricted to microenvironments However there is observational evidence that even underground springs may have a substantial distribution The socalled chaotic terrain is most likely thermokarst produced by melting and lateral...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 19 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 18 a significant fraction of the biomass SPACECRAFT STRATEGIES Such considerations of course affect choices of landing sites on Mars in searches for indigeneous biology If Class IV organisms exist or if...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 20 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 19 biology Sagan 197 lv0 The explicit biology experiments on the Viking 1976 landers Klein et al 197Z Horowitz et al 1972s Levin fea 19 72 Oyama ot al 1972J are largely...
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974
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Manuscript/Mixed MaterialImage 21 of The prospects for life on Mars: A post Mariner 9 assessment : draft 20 Acknowledgement This research was supported in part by NASA Grants NAS 19683
- Contributor: Sagan, Carl
- Date: 1974