X51 - Geographic Names-General Information
MARC 21 Authority
October 2009
"Full" documentation refers to the MARC
21 Format for Authority Data that contains detailed
descriptions of every data element, along with examples,
input conventions and history sections.
"Concise" documentation refers to the
MARC 21 Concise Format for Authority Data that
contains abridged descriptions of every data element, along
with examples.
451 - See From Tracing - Geographic Name (R)
Full |
Concise
551 - See Also From Tracing - Geographic
Name (R)
Full |
Concise
751 - Established Heading Linking Entry - Geographic
Name (R)
Full |
Concise
First Indicator
Undefined
# - Undefined
|
Second Indicator
151/451/551 - Undefined
# - Undefined
751 - Thesaurus
0 - Library of Congress Subject Headings
1 - LC subject headings for children's literature
2 - Medical Subject Headings
3 - National Agricultural Library subject authority
file
4 - Source not specified
5 - Canadian Subject Headings
6 - Répertoire de vedettes-matière
7 - Source specified in subfield $2 |
|
|
Subfield Codes
|
Name portion
$a - Geographic name (NR)
Tracing and linking subfields
$i - Relationship information
(R) [451/551]
$w - Control subfield (NR) [451/551/751]
$0 - Record control number (R) [551/751]
$2 - Source of heading or term (NR) [751]
$4 - Relationship code (R)
[451/551]
$5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
[451/551/751]
$6 - Linkage (NR)
$8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
|
Subject subdivision portion
$v - Form subdivision (R)
$x - General subdivision (R)
$y - Chronological subdivision (R)
$z - Geographic subdivision (R)
|
GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS
Content designators identify the subelements occurring in
geographic name headings constructed according to generally
accepted cataloging and thesaurus-building conventions (e.g.,
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2), Library
of Congress Subject Headings). Jurisdiction names
(including those that are ecclesiastical entities) alone or
followed by subject subdivisions are X51 geographic names. A
corporate name, a form subheading, a title of a work, and/or a
city section name entered under the name of a jurisdiction are
contained in the X10 fields. Geographic names used in phrase
subject headings (e.g., Iran in the Koran) are contained in the
X50 fields. A geographic name that is authorized for use
only as a subject subdivision part of an
extended subject heading is contained in a 181 (Geographic
Subdivision) field.
Only generally-applicable content designators are described
in full in this section. A small number of content designators
with field-specific instructions are described in the
Tracings and References-General
Information section (for field 451 and 551) and the
7XX Heading Linking Entries-General
Information section (for field 751).
■ INDICATORS
First Indicator - Undefined
Undefined and contains a blank (#).
Second Indicator
In fields 151, 451, and 551, the second indicator position
is undefined and contains a blank (#). For field 751, the
second indicator position contains one of the values
described in the
7XX Heading
Linking Entries-General Information section.
■ SUBFIELD CODES
$a - Geographic name
Parenthetical qualifying information is not separately
subfield coded.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 151 |
##$aAmazon
River |
| 151 |
##$aCommunist
countries |
| 151 |
##$aHalley's
comet |
| 151 |
##$aInterstate 70 |
| 151 |
##$aMason and
Dixon's Line |
| 151 |
##$aHimalaya
Mountains |
| 151 |
##$aIrrawaddy
Division (Burma) |
| 151 |
##$aLeesville
(S.C.) |
| 151 |
##$aPalenque
Site (Mexico) |
| 151 |
##$aPompeii
(Extinct city) |
| 151 |
##$aAltamira
Cave (Spain) |
| 151 |
##$aAntietam
National Battlefield (Md.) |
| 151 |
##$aGreenwich
Village (New York, N.Y.) |
| 151 |
##$aKing
Ranch (Tex.) |
| 151 |
##$aWarm
Springs Indian Reservation (Or.) |
| 151 |
##$aDelaware
Memorial Bridge (Del. and N.J.) |
$i - Relationship
information [451/551]
Designation of a relationship of the
entity in a 451 or 551 field to the 1XX entity in the
record or a textual reference instruction phrase than those
that may be system-generated from the field tag or from the
codes defined for subfield $w (Control subfield). Subfield
$i is appropriate only in fields 451 and 551. Guidelines
for using subfield $i are provided in the Tracings and References-General
Information section.
$v - Form subdivision
Designates a specific kind or genre of material as defined
by the thesaurus being used. Subfield $v is appropriate in
the X51 fields only when a form subject subdivision is
added to a geographic name to form an extended subject
heading.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 151 |
##$aParis
(France)$vGuidebooks |
| 151 |
##$aRussia$xTerritorial expansion$vMaps, Pictorial |
$w - Control subfield [451/551/751]
Codes in one or more character positions defined to control
the display of information and specify relationships,
restrictions, and status. Subfield $w is appropriate only
in field 451, 551, and 751. Character position definitions
and guidelines for applying the codes defined for subfield
$w in field 451 and 551 are provided in the Tracings
and References-General Information section. Character
position definitions and guidelines for field 751 are
provided in the 7XX Heading Linking Entries-General
Information section.
$x - General subdivision
Subject subdivision that is not more appropriately
contained in subfield $v (Form subdivision), subfield $y
(Chronological subdivision) or subfield $z (Geographic
subdivision). Subfield $x is appropriate in the X51 fields
only when a topical or form subject subdivision is added to
a geographic name to form an extended subject heading.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 151 |
##$aTexas$xOfficials and employees$xPayroll
deductions |
| 151 |
##$aAix-en-Provence (France)$xSocial life and
customs |
| 151 |
##$aUnited
States$xCommerce |
$y - Chronological subdivision
Subject subdivision that represents a period of time.
Subfield $y is appropriate in the X51 fields only when a
chronological subject subdivision is added to a geographic
name to form an extended subject heading.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 151 |
##$aGreece$xHistory$yGeometric period, ca. 900-700
B.C. |
| 151 |
##$aUruguay$xHistory$yGreat War, 1843-1852 |
| 151 |
##$aUnited
States$xHistory$yCivil War, 1861-1865$xConscientious
objectors |
$z - Geographic subdivision
Appropriate in the X51 fields only when a geographic
subject subdivision is added to a geographic name to form
an extended subject heading.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 151 |
##$aUnited
States$xBoundaries$zCanada |
$0 - Record control number
[551/751]
$2 - Source of heading or term
[751]
Code that identifies the source of a heading or term when
the second indicator position contains value 7. Subfield $2
is appropriate only in field 751. Guidelines for applying
subfield $2 are provided in the
7XX Heading Linking Entries-General
Information sections.
$4 - Relationship code [451/551]
Contains in coded form the
designation of a
relationship of the entity in a 451 or 551 field to
the 1XX entity in the record. Guidelines for using subfield
$4 are provided in the
Tracings and References-General
Information section.
$5 - Institution to which field
applies[451/551/751]
$8 - Field link and sequence number
INPUT CONVENTIONS
Ambiguous Headings - See Appendix D:
Ambiguous Headings.
Punctuation - Punctuation of the subelements
of a heading is generally dictated by descriptive cataloging
or subject heading system/thesaurus rules. These input
conventions clarify MARC punctuation practices. An X51 field
does not end with a mark of punctuation unless the field ends
with an abbreviation, an initialism, or data that ends with a
mark of punctuation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 151 |
##$aCambridge
(Mass.)$xPopulation |
| 151 |
##$aEgypt$xHistory$yTo 332 B.C. |
| 151 |
##$aUnited
States$xEconomic policy$y1981-1993 |
| 451 |
##$wnnaa$aChino Valley, Ariz. |
| 151 |
##$aChina$xHistory$yHan dynasty, 202 B.C.-220
A.D.$vBibliography |
Spacing - No spaces are used in initialisms.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 151 |
##$aWashington (D.C.) |
| 151 |
##$aChina$xHistory$yHan dynasty, 202 B.C.-220 A.D. |
One space is used between preceding and succeeding initials
if an abbreviation consists of more than a single letter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 151 |
##$aVienna
(W. Va.) |
| 151 |
##$aAdelaide
Geosyncline(S. Aust.) |
| 151 |
##$aUnited
States$xForeign relations$y1993-$vPeriodicals |
Display Constant
| - |
[dash
associated with the content of subfield $v, $x, $y, and
$z] |
Dash (-) that precedes a subject subdivision in an
extended subject heading is not carried in the MARC record.
It may be system generated as a display constant associated
with the content of subfield $v, $x, $y, and $z.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Content designated field:
|
| 151 |
##$aUnited
States$xBoundaries$zCanada |
|
Display example:
|
|
United States-Boundaries-Canada
|
CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY
Indicator 2 - Nonfiling characters [151/451/551]
[OBSOLETE, 1993]
Values were: 0-9 (Number of nonfiling characters
present).
$b - Name following place as entry element [151/451/751]
[OBSOLETE, 1987]
City section name entered under the name of a jurisdiction is
contained in an X10 field. Records created before this change
may contain an X51 field with a subfield $b for this type of
name.
$i - Relationship information
[451/551] [REDEFINED, 2009]
$v - Record control number [751] [REDEFINED, 1995]
[USMARC only]
$0 - Record control number [551/751] [NEW, 1997]
$3 - Authority record control number [OBSOLETE, 1997]
[CAN/MARC only]
$4 - Relationship code [451/551]
[NEW, 2009]