X81 - Geographic Subdivisions-General Information
MARC 21 Authority
October 2009
"Full" documentation refers to the MARC
21 Format for Authority Data that contains detailed
descriptions of every data element, along with examples,
input conventions and history sections.
"Concise" documentation refers to the
MARC 21 Concise Format for Authority Data that
contains abridged descriptions of every data element, along
with examples.
181 - Heading - Geographic Subdivision (NR)
Full |
Concise
481 - See From Tracing - Geographic
Subdivision (R)
Full |
Concise
581 - See Also From Tracing - Geographic
Subdivision Full |
Concise(R)
781 - Established Heading Linking Entry - Geographic
Subdivision (R)
Full |
Concise
First Indicator
Undefined
# - Undefined
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Second Indicator
181/481/581 - Undefined
# - Undefined
781 - Thesaurus
0 - Library of Congress Subject Headings
1 - LC subject headings for children's literature
2 - Medical Subject Headings
3 - National Agricultural Library subject authority
file
4 - Source not specified
5 - Canadian Subject Headings
6 - Répertoire de vedettes-matière
7 - Source specified in subfield $2 |
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Subfield Codes
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Subject subdivision portion
$v - Form subdivision (R)
$x - General subdivision (R)
$y - Chronological subdivision (R)
$z - Geographic subdivision (R)
Tracing and linking subfields
$i - Relationship information
(R) [481/581] |
$w - Control subfield (NR) [481/581/781]
$0 - Record control number (R) [581/781]
$2 - Source of heading or term (NR) [781]
$4 - Relationship code (R)
[481/581]
$5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
[481/581/781]
$6 - Linkage (NR)
$8 - Field link and sequence number (R) |
GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS
Content designators identify the subelements occurring in
geographic subdivision headings constructed according to
generally accepted thesaurus-building conventions (e.g.,
Library of Congress Subject Headings, Medical Subject
Headings). A geographic subdivision is used as a
subdivision portion of an extended subject or index term access
field in bibliographic records. A geographic name that is used
as the lead element of an established heading record is
contained in a 151 (Heading-Geographic Name) field.
Only generally-applicable content designators are described
in full in this section. A small number of content designators
with field-specific instructions are described in the
Tracings and References-General
Information section (for field 481 and 581) and the
7XX Heading Linking Entries-General
Information section (for field 781).
■ INDICATORS
First Indicator - Undefined
Undefined and contains a blank (#).
Second Indicator
In fields 181, 481, and 581, the second indicator position
is undefined and contains a blank (#). For field 781, the
second indicator position contains one of the values
described in the
7XX Heading
Linking Entries-General Information section.
■ SUBFIELD CODES
$i - Relationship
information [481/581]
Designation of a relationship of the
entity in a 481 or 581 field to the 1XX entity in the
record or a textual reference instruction phrase than those
that may be system-generated from the field tag or from the
codes defined for subfield $w (Control subfield). Subfield
$i is appropriate only in fields 481 and 581. Guidelines
for using subfield $i are provided in the Tracings and References-General
Information section.
$v - Form subdivision
Designates a specific kind or genre of material as defined
by the thesaurus being used. Subfield $v is appropriate in
an X81 field only when a form subject subdivision is added
to a geographic subdivision to form an extended subdivision
heading.
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| 181 |
##$zParis
(France)$vPhotographs |
$w - Control subfield [481/581/781]
Codes in one or more character positions defined to control
the display of information and specify relationships,
restrictions, and status. Subfield $w is appropriate only
in field 481, 581, and 781. Character position definitions
and guidelines for applying the codes defined for subfield
$w in field 481 and 581 are provided in the Tracings
and References-General Information section. Character
position definitions and guidelines for field 781 are in
the 7XX Heading Linking Entries-General
Information section.
$x - General subdivision
Topical or language subdivision term. Subfield $x is
appropriate in an X81 field only when a general subdivision
is added to a geographic subdivision to form an extended
subdivision heading.
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| 181 |
##$zMississippi$zTippah County$xHistory |
$y - Chronological subdivision
Subdivision term that represents a period of time. Subfield
$y is appropriate in an X81 field only when a chronological
subdivision is added to a geographic subdivision to form an
extended subdivision heading.
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| 181 |
##$zWashington (D.C.)$y1890-1910 |
| 181 |
##$zFrance$y18th century |
$z - Geographic subdivision
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| 181 |
##$zHudson
River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.) |
| 181 |
##$zUnited
States |
| 181 |
##$zNew York
(State)$zBuffalo |
| 181 |
##$zItaly,
Southern |
$0 - Record control number
[581/781]
$2 - Source of heading or term
[781]
Code that identifies the source of a heading or term when
the second indicator position contains value 7. Subfield $2
is appropriate only in field 781. Guidelines for applying
subfield $2 are provided in the
7XX Heading Linking Entries-General
Information section.
$4 - Relationship code [481/581]
Contains in coded form the
designation of a
relationship of the entity in a 481 or 581 field to
the 1XX entity in the record. Guidelines for using subfield
$4 are provided in the
Tracings and References-General
Information section.
$5 - Institution to which field
applies[481/581/781]
$8 - Field link and sequence number
INPUT CONVENTIONS
Punctuation - Punctuation of the subelements
of a heading is generally dictated by subject heading
system/thesaurus rules. These input conventions clarify MARC
punctuation practices. An X81 field does not end with a mark
of punctuation unless the field ends with an abbreviation or
data that ends with a mark of punctuation.
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| 181 |
##$zMexico$xSocieties, etc. |
Spacing - No spaces are used in initialisms.
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| 181 |
##$zWashington (D.C.) |
| 181 |
##$zHudson
River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.) |
Display Constant
| - |
[dash
associated with the content of subfield $v, $x, $y, and
$z] |
Dash (-) that precedes a subdivision in an extended
heading is not carried in the MARC record. It may be system
generated as a display constant associated with the content
of subfield $v, $x, $y, and $z.
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Content designated field:
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| 181 |
##$zWashington (D.C.)$y1890-1910 |
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Display example:
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Washington (D.C.)-1890-1910
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CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY
$i - Relationship information
[481/581] [REDEFINED, 2009]
$3 - Authority record control number [OBSOLETE, 1997]
[CAN/MARC only]
$4 - Relationship code [481/581]
[NEW, 2009]