MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data: 008: Music (Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress)

Music definition of field 008/18-34 is used when Leader/06 (Type of record) contains code c (Notated music), d (Manuscript notated music), i (Nonmusical sound recording), or j (Musical sound recording). Field 008 positions 01-17 and 35-39 are defined the same in all 008 fields and are described in the 008-All materials section.

Field 008/18-34 correspond to equivalent positionally defined data elements in field 006/01-17 when field 006/00 (Form of material) contains code c (Notated music), d (Manuscript notated music), i (Nonmusical sound recording), or j (Musical sound recording). Details about specific codes defined for the equivalent character positions in field 006 and 008 for music are provided in the Guidelines for Applying Content Designators of 008-Music section only.

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

■ CHARACTER POSITIONS

18-19 - Form of composition (006/01-02)

Two-character alphabetic code that indicates the form of composition. Codes are based on Library of Congress subject headings. If more than one code is appropriate, the code mu (Multiple forms) is used in 008/18-19 and all appropriate specific codes are given in field 047 (Form of Composition). Code mu (Multiple forms) may also signify that field 047 (Form of Composition) contains non-MARC composition codes.

Form of composition code is based on the terminology in the work itself and is intended to provide a coded approach to the content of the work. In addition to codes for forms, the list also includes codes for musical genres (e.g., Ragtime music). Codes should be assigned when they apply to the item as a whole (e.g., if the item is a symphony and one of the movements is in sonata form, only the code for symphonies is recorded). Codes for which special information is needed for proper application are described below. Other codes are described in music reference sources. Non music sound recordings do not have a form of composition and are coded nn (Not applicable).

an - Anthems

bd - Ballads

bg - Bluegrass music

bl - Blues

bt - Ballets

ca - Chaconnes

cb - Chants, Other religions

cc - Chant, Christian

cg - Concerti grossi

ch - Chorales

cl - Chorale preludes

cn - Canons and rounds

Used for canons and rounds (i.e., compositions employing strict imitation throughout).

co - Concertos

cp - Chansons, polyphonic

cr - Carols

cs - Chance compositions

ct - Cantatas

cy - Country music

cz - Canzonas

Used for instrumental music that is designated as a canzona.

df - Dance forms

Includes music for individual dances except for mazurkas, minuets, pavans, polonaises, and waltzes, which have separate codes.

dv - Divertimentos, serenades, cassations, divertissements, and notturni

Used for instrumental music designated as a divertimento, serenade, cassation, divertissement, or a notturno.

fg - Fugues

fl - Flamenco

Generic term which refers to all the Flamenco styles, or "palos", and to other forms of song and dance coming from the folkloric tradition of Spanish gypsies.

fm - Folk music

Used for folk music and includes folk songs, etc.

ft - Fantasias

Includes instrumental music designated as fantasia, fancies, fantasies, etc.

gm - Gospel music

hy - Hymns

jz - Jazz

mc - Musical revues and comedies

md - Madrigals

mi - Minuets

mo - Motets

mp - Motion picture music

mr - Marches

ms - Masses

mu - Multiple forms

mz - Mazurkas

nc - Nocturnes

nn - Not applicable

Form of composition is not applicable to the item. Used for any item that is a non-music sound recording.

op - Operas

or - Oratorios

ov - Overtures

pg - Program music

pm - Passion music

po - Polonaises

pp - Popular music

pr - Preludes

ps - Passacaglias

Includes all types of ostinato basses.

pt - Part-songs

pv - Pavans

rc - Rock music

rd - Rondos

rg - Ragtime music

ri - Ricercars

rp - Rhapsodies

rq - Requiems

sd - Square dance music

sg - Songs

sn - Sonatas

sp - Symphonic poems

st - Studies and exercises

Used only when the work is intended for teaching purposes (usually entitled Studies, Etudes, etc.).

su - Suites

sy - Symphonies

tc - Toccatas

tl - Teatro lirico

Used for a large number of more specific terms which describe Spanish and Spanish American theatre music: "tonadilla escénica", "fiestas de música", "sainetes líricos", "entremeses cómico-lírico", etc.

ts - Trio-sonatas

uu - Unknown

Used when the only indication given is the number of instruments and the medium of performance. No structure or genre is given, although they may be implied or understood.

vi - Villancicos

Characteristic form of Spanish polyphony, religious or secular, from the 16th to 18th centuries. Religious villancicos were usually sung in important ceremonies (including Christmas, when these songs were sometimes called "pastoradas").

vr - Variations

wz - Waltzes

za - Zarzuelas

Term applicable to all musical plays taking that name, from the "fiestas de zarzuela" of the 17th/18th-centuries to the so-called "zarzuela moderna" ("modern zarzuela") from the mid 19th to the mid 20th-century.

zz - Other

None of the other defined codes are appropriate (e.g., incidental music, electronic music, etc.).

|| - No attempt to code

20 - Format of music (006/03)

One-character code that indicates the format of a musical composition (e.g., piano-conductor score).

Information for this data element is generally derived from terms appearing in field 300 (Physical Description). If the item being cataloged consists of one or more scores along with other materials (e.g., one or more parts), consider only the score or scores in coding this character position. Used for notated music; for sound recordings, use code n (Not applicable.

a - Full score

Series of staves containing all the instrumental and/or vocal parts of a musical work, arranged so that they can be read simultaneously.


008/20	a
300	##$a1 score (11 p.) ...

b - Full score, miniature or study size

Miniature score that is usually smaller in size and not intended to be used in performances.


008/20	b
300	##$a1 miniature score ...

c - Accompaniment reduced for keyboard

Accompaniment is reduced for keyboard instrument(s) and the solo voices and/or instrumental parts remain the same.


008/20	c
300	##$a1 score (36 p.) + 1 part ... [Accompaniment reduced for keyboard]

d - Voice score

Solo voice parts for which the accompaniment has been omitted. Vocal works originally unaccompanied are assigned other codes as appropriate. Note: Codes c and d are assigned to solo voice scores on the basis of the absence of or type of accompaniment. Choral scores are assigned code h (Chorus score).


008/20	d
300	##$a1 vocal score ... [Accompaniment omitted]

e - Condensed score or piano-conductor score

Orchestral or band music that has been reduced to a few staves. It may be part of an ensemble work for a particular instrument, with cues for other instruments. Such a score is used by an individual playing the instrument for which the score was written or for the conductor. Prefer code i (Condensed score) or code j (Performer-conductor part) if the two types of scores can be distinguished.


008/20	e
300	##$a1 condensed score ...

g - Close score

Close score (e.g., a hymnal) that has separate parts transcribed on two staves.


008/20	g
300	##$a1 close score ...

h - Chorus score

A score of a work for chorus showing only the parts for chorus, at least in those portions of the work in which the chorus sings, with the instrumental accompaniment either arranged for one or two keyboard instruments or omitted.

i - Condensed score

A score in which the number of staves is reduced to two or a few, generally organized by instrumental sections, and often with cues for individual parts. Used for: Reduced score, Short score.

j - Performer-conductor part

Score reduced to a single instrument for which the score was written or for the conductor.

m - Multiple score formats

Several types of scores are issued together, as is frequently the case with band music.


008/20	m
300	##$a1 score (23 p.) :$bill. ;$c30 cm. +$a1 piano conductor part (8 p.)

n - Not applicable

Item is a sound recording.


008/20	n
300	##$a1 sound disc ...

u - Unknown

Format of the item is unknown.

z - Other

None of the other defined codes are appropriate. Usually it signifies that the item is not a score. Piano music, compositions in graphic notation, and compositions that consist only of instructions for performance are examples in which code z is appropriate. Sets of parts are also assigned code z.


008/20	z
300	##$a42 p. of music ...


008/20	z
300	##$aFor voice ...


008/20	z
300	##$a4 parts ...

| - No attempt to code

21 - Music parts (006/04)

One character code that indicates whether the item being cataloged contains parts. This position is not used to indicate that parts may exist elsewhere.

# - No parts in hand or not specified

No parts in hand or the musical parts are not specified.

d - Instrumental and vocal parts

Both instrumental and vocal parts are present.

e - Instrumental parts

Instrumental parts are present.

f - Vocal parts

Vocal parts are present.

n - Not applicable

Item is not notated music.

u - Unknown

Unknown whether the item being cataloged contains parts. May be used for records created without examining the item, such as retrospective conversion from a printed card.

| - No attempt to code

22 - Target audience (006/05)

One-character alphabetic code that describes the intellectual level of the target audience for which the material is intended

Used primarily to identify music to be used or performed by a specific target audience. When items are considered appropriate for more than one target audience, the code is recorded for the primary target audience. For juvenile material, either code j (Juvenile) or the more specific codes a (Preschool), b (Primary), or c (Pre-adolescent) are used. An item considered juvenile material often includes the word juvenile in its subject heading(s).

# - Unknown or unspecified

Target audience for item is not specified or is unknown.


008/22	#
245	14$aDas Münchner Kammerorchester spielt Werke ...
650	#0$aString-orchestra music.

a - Preschool

Intended for children, approximate ages 0-5 years.

b - Primary

Intended for children, approximate ages 6-8 years.

c - Pre-adolescent

Intended for young people, approximate ages 9-13.

d - Adolescent

Intended for young people, approximate ages 14-17.

e - Adult

Intended for adults.


008/22	e
245	12$aA little night music$h[sound recording].

f - Specialized

Aimed at a particular audience and the nature of the presentation would make the item of little interest to other audiences. Examples of items which are coded f included: 1) technical sound recordings geared to a specialized audience and 2) items which address a limited audience.

g - General

Of general interest and not aimed at a particular target audience. Used for items that are not covered more appropriately by one of the other codes.

j - Juvenile

Intended for use by children and young people, approximate ages 0-15. Used when a more specific code for the juvenile target audience is not desired.


008/22	j
650	#0$aVioloncello and piano music$xJuvenile$vScores and parts.

| - No attempt to code

23 - Form of item (006/06)

One-character alphabetic code that specifies the form of material for the item being described.

# - None of the following

Not specified by one of the other codes.

a - Microfilm

b - Microfiche


008/23	b
300	##$a14 microfiche ;$c10 x 15 cm.

c - Microopaque

d - Large print

f - Braille


008/23	f
250	0#$aBraille score ed.

r - Regular print reproduction

Eye-readable print, such as a photocopy.


008/23	r
500	##$aPhotocopy of the original score composed in 1877.

s - Electronic

Intended for manipulation by a computer. The item may reside in a carrier accessed either directly or remotely, in some cases requiring the use of peripheral devices attached to the computer (e.g., a CD-ROM player). Not used for items that do not require the use of a computer (e.g., music compact discs, videodiscs).

| - No attempt to code

24-29 - Accompanying matter (006/07-12)

Up to six one-character alphabetic codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate the contents of program notes and other accompanying material for sound recording, music manuscripts, or notated music. If fewer than six codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).

Generally, a specific code is used only if a significant part of the accompanying material is the type of material represented by the code. If more than six codes are appropriate to an item, only the six most important are recorded.

# - No accompanying matter

No accompanying matter or no indication of accompanying matter appears on the item. When # is used it is followed by five other blanks.


008/24-29	###### [No accompanying matter indicated]

a - Discography

Accompanying matter contains a discography or other bibliography of recorded sound.

b - Bibliography

Accompanying matter contains a bibliography.


008/24-29	b#####
504	##$aBibliography: p. 303-304.

c - Thematic index

Accompanying matter contains a thematic index.

d - Libretto or text

Accompanying matter contains a printed transcription of the libretto or other text (e.g., a transcript of verbal contents of a sound recording).


008/24-29	dz####
500	##$aWords of the songs and poster inserted in container.

e - Biography of composer or author

Accompanying matter contains significant biographical information on a composer or author.

f - Biography of performer or history of ensemble

Accompanying matter contains significant biographical information on a performer or a history of an ensemble.


008/24-29	f#####
500	##$aProgram notes by John W. Barker and biographical notes on the pianist on container.

g - Technical and/or historical information on instruments

Accompanying matter contains technical and/or historical information on instruments.


008/24-29	fgz###
500	##$aProgram notes and notes on the horn by R.D. Dattell and biographical notes on the soloist on container.

h - Technical information on music

Accompanying matter contains significant technical information, including instructions for performance.


008/24-29	h#####
500	##$aIncludes instructions for performance.

i - Historical information

Accompanying matter contains significant historical information.


008/24-29	i#####
500	##$aProgram notes by Kurt Hoffman in German, English, and French on container. [principally historical information]

k - Ethnological information

Accompanying matter contains significant ethnological information that relates to the musical part of the item.

r - Instructional materials

Accompanying matter contains instructional materials.


008/24-29	r#####
300	##$a ... +$e1 teacher's guide.

s - Music

Accompanying matter contains a score or other music format than that of the main item.

z - Other

Accompanying matter for which none of the other defined codes are appropriate.


008/24-29	dfz###
500	##$aProgram notes by Uwe Kraemer, biographical notes on the performers, notes on the recording process, synopsis, and libretto with English translation ([24] p. ill.) laid in container.

| - No attempt to code

30-31 - Literary text for sound recordings (006/13-14)

Up to two one-character codes (recorded in the order of the following list) that indicate the type of literary text contained in a nonmusical sound recording. If only one code is assigned, it is left justified and the unused position contains a blank (#).

If more than two codes for types of literary text are appropriate to an item, only the two most important are recorded.

# - Item is a music sound recording

When # is used it is followed by another blank (##).


008/30-31	##
245	10$aBolero$h[sound recording] /$cMaurice Ravel.

a - Autobiography

b - Biography

c - Conference proceedings


008/30-31	lc
245	00$aModern real estate transactions.
500	##$aPanel discussions, lectures, and questions and answers.

d - Drama

e - Essays

f - Fiction

Fiction includes novels, short stories, etc.

g - Reporting

Reports of newsworthy events and informative messages are included in this category.

h - History

History includes historical narration, etc. that may also be covered by one of the other codes (e.g., historical poetry).


008/30-31	ht
245	00$aInside the Onaway command post$h[sound recording] /$cwith...
520	##$aSummary: An oral history.

i - Instruction

Includes instructions on how to accomplish a task, learn an art, etc. (e.g., how to replace a light switch). Note: Language instruction text is assigned code j.

j - Language instruction

May include passages that fall under the definition for one of the other codes (e.g., language text that includes poetry).

k - Comedy

Spoken comedy.

l - Lectures, speeches


008/30-31	l#
500	##$aLectures.

m - Memoirs

Memoirs are usually autobiographical.

n - Not applicable

Not a sound recording (e.g., printed or manuscript music).

o - Folktales

p - Poetry


008/30-31	pf
245	00$aPoésies et prose françaises ...

r - Rehearsals

Rehearsals are performances of any of a variety of nonmusical productions.

s - Sounds

Includes nonmusical utterances and vocalizations that may or may not convey meaning.

t - Interviews

z - Other

None of the other defined codes are appropriate.

| - No attempt to code

32 - Undefined (006/15)

Undefined; contains a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

33 - Transposition and arrangement (006/16)

Whether all or part of the item being cataloged is a transposition and/or arrangement of another work.

# - Not arrangement or transposition or not specified

Not arrangements or the transposition of the item is not specified.

a - Transposition

Item has been transposed to a different pitch from the original.

b - Arrangement

Item has been adapted as regards medium and/or texture.

c - Both transposed and arranged

Item has been both transposed to a different pitch from the original and has been adapted as regards medium and/or texture.

n - Not applicable

Item is not notated music.

u - Unknown

Unknown whether the item is a transposition or arrangement.

| - No attempt to code

34 - Undefined (006/17)

Undefined; contains a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

INPUT CONVENTIONS

CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY

008/18-19 - Form of composition [USMARC only]

Prior to the definition of code bd (Ballads) in 1997, ballads were identified with code fm (Folk music).

In 2006, code mu was redefined to signify that either multiple MARC codes or non-MARC codes are contained in field 047 (Form of Composition).

008/18-19 - Form of composition

fl - Flamenco [NEW, 2009]

tl - Teatro lirico [NEW, 2009]

vi - Villancicos [NEW, 2009]

za - Zarzuelas [NEW, 2009]

zz - Other [REDEFINED, 2009]

Redefined to remove term villancicos, which was defined in 2009.

008/20 - Format of music

h - Chorus score [NEW, 2009]

Prior to 2010 choral scores were included in code d (Voice score).

i - Condensed score [NEW, 2009]

j - Performer-conductor part [NEW, 2009]

008/21 - Existence of parts [OBSOLETE, 1988]

Defined codes were: # (No parts exist), a (Parts exist), n (Not applicable), u (Unknown).

008/21 - Music parts [NEW, 2002]

008/22 - Target audience

c - Elementary and junior high [RENAMED, 2002]

d - Secondary (senior high) [RENAMED, 2002]

u - School material at first level [OBSOLETE] [CAN/MARC only]

v - School material at second level [OBSOLETE] [CAN/MARC only]

Prior to the definition of codes a through g in 1995, only code # and j were used in USMARC.

008/23 - Form of item

# - None of the following [REDEFINED, 1987]

g - Punched paper tape [OBSOLETE, 1987]

h - Magnetic tape [OBSOLETE, 1987]

i - Multimedia [OBSOLETE, 1987]

x - Other form of reproduction [OBSOLETE] [USMARC only]

z - Other form of reproduction [OBSOLETE]

Code # (Not a reproduction) was redefined when the focus of 008/23 was changed. Codes g, h, and i were made obsolete when the coding of 008/23 (Forms of reproduction code) was redefined as information about the medium of the item in hand rather than about bibliographic reproductions. Prior to 1977, other forms of reproduction were identified by code x.

008/24-29 - Accompanying matter [USMARC only]

n - Not applicable [OBSOLETE, 1980]

j - Historical information other than music [OBSOLETE, 1980]

Code n was made obsolete because the codes defined for these character positions apply to both sound recordings and music scores. Code j was made obsolete when code i was redefined to include any historical information.

008/24-27 - Accompanying matter [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

j - Historical information other than music [OBSOLETE, 1997]

l - Biography of arranger or transcriber [OBSOLETE, 1997]

008/28 - Government publication [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Defined codes were: # (Not a government publication); a (Autonomous or semi-autonomous components of sovereign federations; c (Multilocal); f (Federal/national); i (International intergovernmental bodies); l (Local jurisdictions); m (Multistate); o (Government publication-level undetermined); s (State, provincial, territorial, dependant, etc. jurisdiction); u (Unknown if item is a government publication); z (Other type of government publication)

008/29 - Undefined [OBSOLETE] [CAN/MARC only]

008/32 - Main entry in body of entry [OBSOLETE, 1990]

Defined codes were: 0 (Main entry not in body of entry), 1 (Main entry in body of entry).

008/33 - Transposition and arrangement [NEW, 2002]

008 - Music (NR)

FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

■ CHARACTER POSITIONS

INPUT CONVENTIONS

CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY