MARC Code List: Relator Codes -- Term Sequence

Arrangement of the List

In the Term Sequence, the relator terms are listed alphabetically by the term. An alphabetic listing by code is provided in a separate Code Sequence list. An entry for a term to which a code has been assigned includes the term followed by the code in brackets, both in boldface. In many cases, a definition in italics follows the relator term. Following the definition, any variants of the term are listed on successive lines, with the first variant preceded by the symbol UF ("used for"). For example:

Censor [cns]

Use for a censor, bowdlerizer, expurgator, etc., official or private.

UF

Bowdlerizer

Expurgator

The UF terms from each entry also appear in their alphabetic position in the list as references, but not in boldface. These references do not give the code. The entry under the term referred to must be consulted to determine the code. For example:

Bowdlerizer

USE

Censor

Expurgator

USE

Censor

Entries may also include a note in [brackets] explaining a change in the use of codes. For example:

Graphic technician

USE

Artist

[Coded [grt] (Graphic technician) before Mar. 1988]

Code List -- Term Sequence

Actor [act]

Use for a person who principally exhibits acting skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.

Adapter [adp]

Use for a person who 1) reworks a musical composition, usually for a different medium, or 2) rewrites novels or stories for motion pictures or other audiovisual medium.

Annotator [ann]

Use for a person who writes manuscript annotations on a printed item.

Applicant [app]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the submission of an application or who is named as eligible for the results of the processing of the application (e.g., bestowing of rights, reward, title, position).

Appraiser

USE

Expert

Architect [arc]

Use for a person or corporate body who designs structures or oversees their construction.

Arranger [arr]

Use for a person who transcribes a musical composition, usually for a different medium from that of the original; in an arrangement the musical substance remains essentially unchanged.

Artist [art]

Use for a person (e.g., a painter) who conceives, and perhaps also implements, an original graphic design or work of art, if specific codes (e.g., [egr], [etr]) are not desired. For book illustrators, prefer Illustrator [ill].

UF

Graphic technician

Assignee [asg]

Use for a person or organization to whom a license for printing or publishing has been transferred.

Associated name [asn]

Use as a general relator for a name associated with or found in an item or collection, or which cannot be determined to be that of a Former owner [fmo] or other designated relator indicative of provenance.

Attributed name [att]

Use to relate an author, artist, etc. to a work for which there is or once was substantial authority for designating that person as author, creator, etc. of the work.

UF

Supposed name

Auctioneer [auc]

Use for a person or corporate body in charge of the estimation and public auctioning of goods, particularly books, artistic works, etc.

Author [aut]

Use for a person or corporate body chiefly responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work, usually printed text. This term may also be used when more than one person or body bears such responsibility.

UF

Joint author

Author in quotations or text extracts [aqt]

Use for a person whose work is largely quoted or extracted in works to which he or she did not contribute directly. Such quotations are found particularly in exhibition catalogs, collections of photographs, etc.

Author of afterword, colophon, etc. [aft]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for an afterword, postface, colophon, etc. but who is not the chief author of a work.

Author of dialog [aud]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the dialog or spoken commentary for a screenplay or sound recording.

Author of introduction, etc. [aui]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for an introduction, preface, foreword, or other critical introductory matter, but who is not the chief author.

Author of screenplay, etc. [aus]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for a motion picture screenplay, dialog, spoken commentary, etc.

Bibliographic antecedent [ant]

Use for the author responsible for a work upon which the work represented by the catalog record is based. This may be appropriate for adaptations, sequels, continuations, indexes, etc.

Binder [bnd]

Use for the person of corporate body responsible for the binding of printed or manuscript materials.

Binding designer [bdd]

UF

Designer of binding

Book designer [bkd]

Use for the person or firm responsible for the entire graphic design of a book, including arrangement of type and illustration, choice of materials, and process used.

UF

Designer of book

Book producer [bkp]

Use for the person or firm responsible for the production of books and other print media, if specific codes (e.g., [bkd], [egr], [tyd], [prt]) are not desired.

UF

Producer of book

Bookjacket designer [bjd]

UF

Designer of bookjacket

Bookplate designer [bpd]

UF

Designer of bookplate

Bookseller [bsl]

Use for the person or corporate body who makes books and other bibliographic materials available for purchase. Their interest in the materials is primarily lucrative.

Bowdlerizer

USE

Censor

Calligrapher [cll]

Use for a person who writes in an artistic hand, usually as a copyist and or engrosser.

Cartographer [ctg]

Use for a person responsible for the creation of maps and other cartographic materials.

Censor [cns]

Use for a censor, bowdlerizer, expurgator, etc., official or private.

UF

Bowdlerizer

Expurgator

Choreographer [chr]

Use for a person who composes or arranges dances or other movements (e.g., "master of swords") for a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.

Client [cli]

Use for a person or organization for whom another person or organization is acting.

Collaborator [clb]

Use for a person or corporate body that takes a limited part in the elaboration of a work of another person or corporate body that brings complements (e.g., appendices, notes) to the work.

Collector [col]

Use for a person who has brought together material from various sources, which has been arranged, described, and cataloged as a collection. The collector is neither the creator of the material nor the person to whom manuscripts in the collection may have been addressed.

Collotyper [clt]

Use for the person responsible for the production of photographic prints from film or other colloid that has ink-receptive and ink-repellent surfaces.

Commentator [cmm]

Use for a person who provides interpretation, analysis, or a discussion of the subject matter on a recording, motion picture, or other audiovisual medium.

Commentator for written text [cwt]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the commentary or explanatory notes about a text. For the writer of manuscript annotations in a printed book, use Annotator [ann].

Compiler [com]

Use for a person who produces a work or publication by selecting and putting together material from the works of various persons or bodies.

Complainant [cpl]

Use for the party who applies to the courts for redress, usually in an equity proceeding.

Complainant-appellant [cpt]

Use for a complainant who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding.

Complainant-appellee [cpe]

Use for a complainant against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding.

Composer [cmp]

Use for a person who creates a musical work, usually a piece of music in manuscript or printed form.

Compositor [cmt]

Use for a person responsible for the creation of metal slug, or molds made of other materials, used to produce the text and images in printed matter.

UF

Typesetter

Conceptor [ccp]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the original idea on which a work is based, this includes the scientific author of an audio-visual item and the conceptor of an advertisement.

Conductor [cnd]

Use for a person who directs a performing group (orchestra, chorus, opera, etc.).

Consultant [csl]

Use for the person called upon for professional advice or services in a specialized field of knowledge or training.

Consultant to a project [csp]

Use for a person or corporate body engaged specifically to provide an intellectual overview of a strategic or operational task and by analysis, specification, or instruction, to create or propose a cost-effective course of action or solution.

Contestant [cos]

Use for the party who opposes, resists, or disputes, in a court of law, a claim, decision, result, etc.

Contestant-appellant [cot]

Use for a contestant who takes an appeal from one court of law or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment.

Contestant-appellee [coe]

Use for a contestant against whom an appeal is taken from one court of law or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment.

Contestee [cts]

Use for the party defending a claim, decision, result, etc. being opposed, resisted, or disputed in a court of law.

Contestee-appellant [ctt]

Use for a contestee who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment.

Contestee-appellee [cte]

Use for a contestee against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment.

Contractor [ctr]

Use for the person or corporate body who enters into a contract with another person or corporate body to perform a specific task.

Contributor [ctb]

Use for one whose work has been contributed to a larger work, such as an anthology, serial publication, or other compilation of individual works. Do not use for someone whose sole function in relation to a work is as author, editor, compiler or translator.

Copyright claimant [cpc]

Use for the person listed as a copyright owner at the time of registration. Copyright can be granted or later transferred to another person or agent, at which time the claimant becomes the copyright holder.

Copyright holder [cph]

Use for a person or corporate body to whom copy and legal rights have been granted or transfered for the intellectual content of a work. The copyright holder, although not necessarily the creator of the work, usually has the exclusive right to benefit financially from the sale and use of the work to which the associated copyright protection applies.

Corrector [crr]

Use for a corrector of manuscripts, such as the scriptorium official who corrected the work of a scribe. For printed matter, use Proofreader [pfr].

Correspondent [crp]

Use for a person or organization who was either the writer or recipient of a letter or other communication.

Costume designer [cst]

Use for a person who designs or makes costumes, fixes hair, etc., for a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.

Counterfeiter

USE

Forger

Cover designer [cov]

Use for the person responsible for the graphic design of a book cover, album cover, slipcase, box, container, etc. For the person responsible for the graphic design of an entire book, use Book designer; for book jackets, use Bookjacket designer.

UF

Designer of cover

Creator [cre]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work.

Curator of an exhibition [cur]

Use for a person who is responsible for conceiving and organizing an exhibition.

Dancer [dnc]

Use for a person who principally exhibits dancing skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.

Dedicatee [dte]

Use for a person or organization to whom a book, manuscript, etc., is dedicated (not the recipient of a gift).

Dedicator [dto]

Use for the author of a dedication, which may be a formal statement or in epistolary or verse form.

Defendant [dfd]

Use for the party defending or denying allegations made in a suit and against whom relief or recovery is sought in the courts, usually in a legal action.

Defendant-appellant [dft]

Use for a defendant who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal action.

Defendant-appellee [dfe]

Use for a defendant against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal action.

Degree grantor [dgg]

Use for the corporate body granting a degree for which the thesis or dissertation described was presented.

Delineator [dln]

Use for a person or organization executing technical drawings from others' designs.

Depicted [dpc]

Use for the person or group depicted or portrayed in a work, particularly in a work of art.

Deponent

USE

Witness

Depositor [dpt]

Use for a person or organization placing material in the physical custody of a library or repository without transferring the legal title.

Designer [dsr]

Use for a person or organization responsible for design if specific codes (e.g., [bkd], [tyd]) are not desired.

Designer of binding

USE

Binding designer

Designer of book

USE

Book designer

Designer of bookjacket

USE

Bookjacket designer

Designer of bookplate

USE

Bookplate designer

Designer of cover

USE

Cover designer

Designer of type

USE

Type designer

Director [drt]

Use for a person who is responsible for the general management of a work or who supervises the production of a performance for stage, screen, or sound recording.

Dissertant [dis]

Use for a person who presents a thesis for a university or higher-level educational degree.

Distributor [dst]

Use for an agent or agency that has exclusive or shared marketing rights for an item.

Donor [dnr]

Use for the donor of a book, manuscript, etc., to its present owner. Donors to previous owners are designated as Former owner [fmo] or Inscriber [ins].

Draftsman [drm]

Use for the person who prepares artistic or technical drawings.

UF

Technical draftsman

Dubious author [dub]

Use for a person or corporate body to which authorship has been dubiously or incorrectly ascribed.

Editor [edt]

Use for a person who prepares for publication a work not primarily his/her own, such as by elucidating text, adding introductory or other critical matter, or technically directing an editorial staff.

Electrotyper [elt]

Use for the person who creates a duplicate printing surface by pressure molding and electrodepositing of metal that is then backed up with lead for printing.

Engineer [eng]

Use for a person or organization that is responsible for technical planning and design, particularly with construction.

Engraver [egr]

Use for a person who cuts letters, figures, etc. on a surface, such as a wooden or metal plate, for printing.

Etcher [etr]

Use for a person who produces text or images for printing by subjecting metal, glass, or some other surface to acid or the corrosive action of some other substance.

Expert [exp]

Use for a person in charge of the description and appraisal of the value of goods, particularly rare items, works of art, etc.

UF

Appraiser

Eyewitness

USE

Witness

Expurgator

USE

Censor

Facsimilist [fac]

Use for the person or body that executed the facsimile.

UF

Copier

Film editor [flm]

Use for an editor of a motion picture film. This term is used regardless of the medium upon which the motion picture is produced or manufactured (e.g., acetate film, video tape).

UF

Motion picture editor

Forger [frg]

Use for a person who makes or imitates something of value or importance, especially with the intent to defraud.

UF

Copier

Counterfeiter

Former owner [fmo]

Use for the person or organization who owned an item at any time in the past. Includes those to whom the material was once presented. The person or organization giving the item to the present owner is designated as Donor [dnr]

Funder [fnd]

Use for the person or agency that furnished financial support for the production of the work.

Graphic technician

USE

Artist

[Relator term "Graphic technician" (coded [grt]) used before March 1988 only.]

Honoree [hnr]

Use for the person in memory or honor of whom a book, manuscript, etc. is donated.

UF

Memorial

Host [hst]

Use for the person who is invited or regularly leads a program (often broadcast) that includes other guests, performers, etc. (e.g., talk show host).

Illuminator [ilu]

Use for a person responsible for the decoration of a work (especially manuscript material) with precious metals or color, usually with elaborate designs and motiefs.

Illustrator [ill]

Use for the person who conceives, and perhaps also implements, a design or illustration, usually to accompany a written text.

Imprimatur

USE

Licensor

Inscriber [ins]

Use for the person who signs a presentation statement.

Instrumentalist [itr]

Use for a person who principally plays an instrument in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.

Interviewee [ive]

Use for a person who is interviewed at a consultation or meeting, usually by a reporter, pollster, or some other information gathering agent.

Interviewer [ivr]

Use for a person who acts as a reporter, pollster, or other information gathering agent in a consultation or meeting involving one or more individuals.

Inventor [inv]

Use for a person or corporate body who first produces a particular useful item, or develops a new process for obtaining a known item or result.

Investigator

USE

Originator

Joint author

USE

Author

Landscape architect [lsa]

Use for the person or organization whose work involves coordinating the arrangement of existing and proposed land features and structures.

Lender [len]

Use for a person or organization permitting the temporary use of a book, manuscript, etc., such as for photocopying or microfilming.

Libelant [lil]

Use for the party who files a libel in an ecclesiastical or admiralty case.

Libelant-appellant [lit]

Use for a libelant who takes an appeal from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment.

Libelant-appellee [lie]

Use for a libelant against whom an appeal is taken from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment.

Libelee [lel]

Use for the party against whom a libel has been filed in an ecclesiastical court or admiralty.

Libelee-appellant [let]

Use for a libelee who takes an appeal from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment.

Libelee-appellee [lee]

Use for a libelee against whom an appeal is taken from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment.

Librettist [lbt]

Use for the writer of the text of an opera, oratorio, etc.

Licensee [lse]

Use for the original recipient of the right to print or publish.

Licensor [lso]

Use for the signer of the license, imprimatur, etc.

UF

Imprimatur

Lithographer [ltg]

Use for the person who prepares the stone or plate for lithographic printing, including a graphic artist creating a design directly on the surface from which printing will be done.

Lyricist [lyr]

Use for the writer of the text of a song.

Markup editor [mrk]

Use for the person or organization performing the coding of SGML, HTML, or XML markup of metadata, text, etc.

Memorial

USE

Honoree

Metadata contact [mdc]

Use for the person or organization primarily responsible for compiling and maintaining the original description of a metadata set (e.g., geospatial metadata set).

Metal-engraver [mte]

Moderator [mod]

Use for the person who leads a program (often broadcast) where topics are discussed, usually with participation of experts in fields related to the discussion.

Monitor [mon]

Use for a person or organization that supervises compliance with the contract and is responsible for the report and controls its distribution. Sometimes referred to as the grantee, or controlling agency.

Motion picture editor

USE

Film editor

Musician [mus]

Use for the person who performs music or contributes to the musical content of a work when it is not possible or desirable to identify the function more precisely.

Narrator [nrt]

Use for the speaker who relates the particulars of an act, occurrence, or course of events.

Observer

USE

Witness

Onlooker

USE

Witness

Opponent [opn]

Use for the person or corporate body responsible for opposing a thesis or dissertation.

Organizer of meeting [orm]

Use for the person or corporate body responsible for organizing a meeting for which an item is the report or proceedings.

Originator [org]

Use for the author or agency performing the work, i.e., the name of a person or organization associated with the intellectual content of the work. This category does not include the publisher or personal affiliation, or sponsor except where it is also the corporate author. Includes a person designated in the work as investigator or principal investigator.

UF

Principal investigator

Other [oth]

Use for relator codes from other lists which have no equivalent in the MARC list or for terms which have not been assigned a code.

Owner [own]

Use for the person or organization that currently owns an item or collection.

Papermaker [ppm]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the production of paper, usually from wood, cloth, or other fibrous material.

Patent applicant [pta]

Use for the person or corporate body that applied for a patent.

Patent holder [pth]

Use for the person or corporate body that was granted the patent referred to by the item.

UF

Patentee

Patent inventor

USE

Inventor

Patentee

USE

Patent holder

Patron [pat]

Use for the person responsible for commissioning a work. Usually a patron uses his or her means or influence to support the work of artists, writers, etc. This includes those who commission and pay for individual works

Performer [prf]

User for a person who exhibits musical or acting skills i a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment, if specific codes for those functions ([act], [dnc], [itr], [voc], etc.) are not used. If specific codes are used, [prf] is used for a person whose principal skill is not known or specified.

Performer of research

USE

Researcher

Photographer [pht]

Use for the person or organization responsible for taking photographs, whether they are used in their original form or as reproductions.

Plaintiff [ptf]

Use for the party who complains or sues in court in a personal action, usually in a legal proceeding.

Plaintiff-appellant [ptt]

Use for a plaintiff who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal proceeding.

Plaintiff-appellee [pte]

Use for a plaintiff against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal proceeding.

Platemaker [plt]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the production of plates, usually for the production of printed images and/or text.

Plates, Printer of

USE

Printer of Plates

Principal investigator

USE

Originator

Printer [prt]

Use for the person or organization who prints texts, whether from type or plates.

Printer of plates [pop]

Use for the person or organization who prints illustrations from plates.

UF

Plates, Printer of

Printmaker [prm]

Use for the person who makes a relief, intaglio, or planographic printing surface.

Process contact [prc]

Use for a person or organization primarily responsible for performing or initiating a process, such as is done with the collection of metadata sets.

Producer [pro]

Use for a person who is responsible for the making of a motion picture, including business aspects, management of the productions, and the commercial success of the work.

Producer of book

USE

Book producer

Production personnel [prd]

Use for a person who is associated with the production (props, lighting, special effects, etc.) of a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.

Programmer [prg]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the creation and/or maintenance of computer program design documents, source code, and machine-executable digital files and supporting documentation.

Promoter

USE

Thesis advisor

Proofreader [pfr]

Use for a person who corrects printed matter. For manuscripts, use Corrector [crr].

Publisher [pbl]

Use for a person or corporate body that makes printed matter, often text, but also printed music, artwork, etc. available to the public.

Publishing director [pbd]

Use for a person who presides over the elaboration of a collective work to ensure its coherence or continuity. This includes editors-in-chief, literary editors, editors of series, etc.

Recipient [rcp]

Use for the person to whom correspondence is addressed.

Recording engineer [rce]

Use for a person who supervises the technical aspects of a sound or video recording session.

Redactor [red]

Use for a person who writes or develops the framework for an item without being intellectually responsible for its content.

Renderer [ren]

Use for the draftsman who prepares drawings of architectural designs (i.e., renderings) in accurate, representational perspective to show what the project will look like when completed.

Reporter [rpt]

Use for a person who writes or presents reports of news or current events on air or in print.

Research team head [rth]

Use for the person or corporate body that directed or managed a research project.

Research team member [rtm]

Use for the person or corporate body that participated in a research project but whose role did not involve direction or management of it.

Researcher [res]

Use for the person or corporate body responsible for performing research.

UF

Performer of research

Respondent [rsp]

Use for the party who makes an answer to the courts pursuant to an application for redress, usually in an equity proceeding.

Respondent-appellant [rst]

Use for a respondent who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding.

Respondent-appellee [rse]

Use for a respondent against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding.

Reviewer [rev]

Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the review of book, motion picture, performance, etc.

Rubricator [rbr]

Use for a person responsible for parts of a work, often headings or opening parts of a manuscript, that appear in a distinctive color, usually red

Scenarist [sce]

Use for the author of a motion picture screenplay.

Scientific advisor [sad]

Use for a person who brings scientific, pedagogical, or historical competence to the conception and realization on a work, particularly in the case of audio-visual items.

Scribe [scr]

Use for an amanuensis and for a writer of manuscripts proper. For a person who makes pen-facsimiles, use Facsimilist [fac].

Sculptor [scl]

Use when the more general term Artist [art] is not desired.

Secretary [sec]

Use for a recorder, redactor, or other person responsible for expressing the views of a corporate body.

Signer [sgn]

Use for the person whose signature appears without a presentation or other statement indicative of provenance. When there is a presentation statement, use Inscriber [ins].

Singer [sng]

Use for a person who uses his or her voice with or without instrumental accompaniment to produce music. A singer's performance may or may not include actual words.

Speaker [spk]

Use for a person who participates in a program (often broadcast) and makes a formalized contribution or presentation generally prepared in advance.

Sponsor [spn]

Use for the person or agency that issued a contract or under the auspices of which a work has been written, printed, published, etc.

Standards body [stn]

Use for a corporate body or agency responsible for the development or enforcement of a standard.

Stereotyper [str]

Use for a person who creates a new plate for printing by molding or copying another printing surface.

Storyteller [stl]

Use for a person relaying a story with creative and/or theatrical interpretation.

Supposed name

USE

Attributed name

Surveyor [srv]

Use for a person or organization who does measurements of tracts of land, etc. to determine location, forms, and boundaries.

Technical draftsman

USE

Draftsman

Testifier

USE

Witness

Thesis advisor [ths]

Use for the person under whose supervision a degree candidate develops and presents a thesis, mémoire, or text of a dissertation.

UF Promoter

Transcriber [trc]

Use for a person who prepares a handwritten or typewritten copy from original material, including from dictated or orally recorded material. For makers of pen-facsimiles, use Facsimilist [fac].

Translator [trl]

Use for a person who renders a text from one language into another, or from an older form of a language into the modern form.

Type designer [tyd]

Use for the person who designed the type face used in a particular item.

UF

Designer of type

Typesetter

USE

Compositor

Typographer [tyg]

Use for the person primarily responsible for choice and arrangement of type used in an item. If the typographer is also responsible for other aspects of the graphic design of a book (e.g., Book designer [bkd]), codes for both functions may be needed.

Vocalist [voc]

Use for a person who principally exhibits singing skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.

Witness [wit]

Use for a person who verifies the truthfulness of an event or action.

UF

Deponent

Eyewitness

Observer

Onlooker

Testifier

Wood-engraver [wde]

User for a person who makes prints by cutting the image in relief on the end-grain of a wood block.

Woodcutter [wdc]

User for a person who makes prints by cutting the image in relief on the plank side of a wood block.

Writer of accompanying material [wam]

Use for a person who writes significant material which accompanies a sound recording or other audiovisual material.

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