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https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/matpc.15540
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To Sinai by car. El Kossaima. The rest house
- Title: To Sinai by car. El Kossaima. The rest house
- Creator(s): American Colony (Jerusalem). Photo Department, photographer
- Date Created/Published: [approximately 1920 to 1933]
- Medium: 1 negative : nitrate ; 4 x 5 in.
- Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-matpc-15540 (digital file from original)
- Rights Advisory:
No known restrictions on publication. For information see: "G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection,"(https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/res.258.mats)
- Call Number: LC-M33- 3795 [P&P]
- Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
- Notes:
- Title from: Catalogue of photographs & lantern slides ... [1936?]
- Date from Matson LOT cards.
- Photograph taken from the frontier centre of El Qusaima, showing the administrative and residential building(s) (rest house) and the spring and orchard of El Qusaima from centre-right to left. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
- The water springs of Muweilih, Qusaima, El Qadeirat and Qideis are located in the vicinity of Biblical Kadesh Barnea on the crossroad of the Nabatean Spice Route between Egypt and Arabia, Darb El Sherif (form El Shatt on the Gulf of Suez to El Qusaima) and Darb Ghaza to the west of the 1906 CE international boundary line between Sinai Peninsula (Egypt under the British Mandate) and the Negev Desert (Palestine under the Ottoman Empire). The latter three springs form the traditional region of Biblical Kadesh Barnea and are located on the eastern section of the Exodus Traditional Route, also known as the Way to the Hill-Country of the Amorites (or the Way to the Reed Sea) or the previously mentioned Darb Ghaza. Upper, Middle and Lower Paleolithic sites (38,000-22,000 BCE), Epi-Paleolithic (17,000-8,300 BCE), Late Neolithic (5,500-4,500 BCE), Bronze (2,925-? BCE), Iron (fortresses, 11th-6th centuries CE), Persian (5th-4th centuries CE), Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine (305 BCE-640 CE) and Nabatean (1st century CE) sites are scattered in the region in the valleys and plateaus surrounding the springs, namely from north to south: Wadi Wabsi, Wadi EL Sabha, Wadi El Qadeirat or El Qusaima, Wadi El Halufi, Wadi El 'Asli, Wadi Geisi, Wadi Umm Hashim, Wadi Bali'an and Wadi Qideis. 'Aazazma (? century CE) and Tarabien (16th century CE) tribes inhabit the region. El Qusaima (and El Kuntella in the south) acted as the administrative centres of east Sinai since 19th century CE. The first asphalt road along Darb El Sherif was constructed by the Egyptian Corps of Engineers in 1950-51 CE (and later extended to the east in 1956-58 CE). The construction of the Israeli settlement Kadesh Barnea was planned in 1977 CE during the occupation of Sinai Peninsula between 1967 and 1982 CE, and before the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979 CE. Terraced valleys are composed of consecutive terraces (Arabic: 'Agoum) built at right angle to the valley for water harvesting, with an average of 12-15m (rarely 40m) spacing and walls of 5-7 stone layers, average of 6-20m (rarely up to 40-50/200m) long, 2-2.5m thick and average of 60-80cm (rarely up to 1.8-2m) high. The elevation of the bottom of one dam and the tip of the next downstream are equivalent. The floodwater flows from one terrace to the next, trapping soil and water behind each to raise groundwater and moisture level in the soil (subsurface water), while allowing desert agriculture. Water reservoirs were introduced to store water in a later phase. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
- General information about the G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection is available at: https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.matpc
- Gift; Episcopal Home; 1978.
- Format:
- Collections:
- Part of: Matson photograph collection
- Bookmark This Record:
https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2019706319/
View the MARC Record for this item.
The Library of Congress generally does not own rights to material in its collections and, therefore, cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material. For further rights information, see "Rights Information" below and the Rights and Restrictions Information page ( https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/rights.html ).
- Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. For information see: "G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection," https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/res.258.mats
- Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-matpc-15540 (digital file from original)
- Call Number: LC-M33- 3795 [P&P]
- Medium: 1 negative : nitrate ; 4 x 5 in.
For preservation reasons, original negatives in the Matson Photograph Collection are not used for producing photographic copies. The Library arranged to digitize the negatives at a high resolution that is sufficient for most publication purposes.
Photographic prints in the collection have been copied in various ways over the years and may or may not have been digitized at high resolution.
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- Call Number: LC-M33- 3795 [P&P]
- Medium: 1 negative : nitrate ; 4 x 5 in.
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