Effect of Some Deacidification Agents on Copper-Catalyzed Degradation of Paper
Table of Contents - Introduction - Experimental
Description -
Testing and Analysis
Results and Discussion - References - Supporting
Documents
Testing and Analysis
The concentrations of bicarbonate solutions were determined by titration against a standard sodium hydroxide solution to a pH value of 8.0. The concentration of calcium hydroxide solution was determined by titration against a standard hydrochloric acid solution to a pH value of 6.0.
Copper concentration in the paper samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. For each series of treated samples, a randomly selected 5 g sample was incinerated at 600°C. A 0.5 ml aliquot of concentrated nitric acid was added to the ash, followed by 1 ml of water. Dissolution of the ash was completed by intermittent agitation of the solution under an infrared lamp. The solution was diluted to 10 ml or more if necessary, and the absorbence was measured at 249.22 nm.
The pH of paper was determined by a cold-extraction technique based upon Tappi Standard Test Method T509. In this method, 100 ml of a slurry was made up that contained 1.0 g of paper in distilled water. The paper sample was macerated in a Waring blender for 1 minute. The slurry was allowed to stand for 5 minutes before its pH was measured. To determine alkaline reserve, the same slurry was titrated to a pH value of 3.0 with standard 0.1 mol/l hydrochloric acid. The slurry was boiled for 2 minutes, was cooled, and then was back-titrated to a pH of 7.0 with standard 0.1 mol/l sodium hydroxide.
MIT fold endurance of paper was determined along the machine direction by Tappi Standard Test Method T511 with a modification which employed a reduced tension load of 0.5 kg. Brightness levels were determined by measuring blue reflectance with a Photovolt model 670 reflection meter. Six readings were taken from each side of the paper and were averaged.
Table of Contents - Introduction - Experimental Description - Testing and Analysis - Results and Discussion - References - Supporting Documents