13th-Century QurĘĽan from Seville.
13th-Century Qur'an from Seville
This early 13th-century manuscript is among the very few surviving dated Qurʼans from Islamic Spain. Completed in Seville in 1226 AD (624 AH), it was rescued from destruction during the Reconquista (reconquest) by Muslim refugees who fled Spain for North Africa. In 1535, when the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (1500--58) conquered Tunis in an expedition against the Barbary pirates, his troops seized the…