South Korea: Comprehensive AI Legal Framework Takes Effect
On January 22, 2026, South Korea’s comprehensive artificial intelligence regulatory framework came into effect under the Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and the Establishment of a Foundation for Trust, also known as the AI Basic Act or the AI Framework Act. (Act No. 20676, Jan. 21, 2025.) The act’s enforcement decree also took … Continue reading “South Korea: Comprehensive AI Legal Framework…
Contributor:
Umeda, Sayuri
Date:2026-02-20
Article
Germany: Regional Court Rules AI-Generated Expert Report Inadmissible
On November 10, 2025, the Regional Court of Darmstadt (LG Darmstadt) held that if a court-appointed expert relies extensively on artificial intelligence (AI) when preparing a report without disclosing it, their fee can be set at zero euros for that reason alone. The court, acting as a first instance court, further ruled that such a … Continue reading “Germany: Regional Court Rules AI-Generated Expert…
Contributor:
Gesley, Jenny
Date:2026-02-04
Article
Germany: Court Prohibits Memorization and Reproduction of Copyrighted Song Lyrics in AI Models
On November 11, 2025, the Regional Court of Munich I (LG München I) held that the memorization and reproduction of copyrighted song lyrics by large language models and chatbots operated by two companies with the U.S.-based OpenAI Group violated copyright law. The court ordered the defendants to refrain from these actions in the future, provide … Continue reading “Germany: Court Prohibits Memorization and Reproduction…
Contributor:
Gesley, Jenny
Date:2026-01-13
Article
Kazakhstan: New Law Introduces Rules for AI Systems Operating in the Country
On November 17, 2025, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev of Kazakhstan signed a law establishing a legal framework for the development, implementation, and use of artificial intelligence systems in the country. The law states that its goal is to ensure transparency, safety, accountability, and data privacy. It enters into force on January 18, 2026. (Law, No. 230-VIII … Continue reading “Kazakhstan: New Law Introduces Rules for…
Contributor:
Fremer, Iana
Date:2026-01-12
Article
China: Amended Cybersecurity Law Takes Effect
On January 1, 2026, China’s amended Cybersecurity Law came into force. First enacted in 2016 and effective in 2017, the law serves as the core legislation in China’s cybersecurity legal framework and has remained unchanged until now. The 14-article amendment, adopted by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee in October 2025, affirms state support for … Continue reading “China: Amended Cybersecurity Law Takes Effect”
Contributor:
Zhang, Laney
Date:2026-01-08
Article
Italy: New Measures Promote Sports Activities
On August 10, 2025, legislation containing urgent measures to organize and promote the 2026 Winter Olympics and other major sporting events throughout Italy took effect. The legislation, Decree-Law No. 96 of June 30, 2025 (D.L. No. 96), was converted into law through Law No. 119 of August 8, 2025. The consolidated text of D.L. No. … Continue reading “Italy: New Measures Promote Sports Activities”
Contributor:
Figueroa, Dante
Date:2026-01-06
Article
Russian Federation: Government Identifies Areas for Use of AI in Public Administration
On September 23, 2025, the Russian Federation’s Ministry of Digital Development and Mass Communications finished accepting comments on a proposed experiment to use generative artificial intelligence in public administration and started preparing a related draft regulation, which must be approved by the Cabinet of Ministers. (Federal Portal of Normative Legal Act Drafts, Document No. 158629, … Continue reading “Russian Federation: Government Identifies Areas for…
Contributor:
Roudik, Peter
Date:2026-01-02
Article
Russian Federation: Higher Court Confirms Validity of Ruling Written by AI
On September 25, 2025, a regional federal court in the southern Russian province of Krasnodar declined to change a sentence ordered by a city court that was being challenged because it contained text generated by artificial intelligence. The regional court rejected a defendant’s appeal of the lower court’s June 2025 sentencing decision. (Eisk City Court, … Continue reading “Russian Federation: Higher Court Confirms Validity…
Contributor:
Roudik, Peter
Date:2025-12-12
Article
Israel: Amendment to Privacy Protection Law Goes into Effect
On August 14, 2025, a new amendment law went into effect in Israel, revising the country’s privacy protections and bringing them into alignment with European Union standards. The Privacy Protection Law (Amendment No. 13), 5784-2024, (hereafter the amendment law) amends the Privacy Protection Law, 5741-1981, as amended.Israel’s Privacy Protection Authority (PPA), the authority responsible for … Continue reading “Israel: Amendment to Privacy Protection Law…
Contributor:
Levush, Ruth
Date:2025-11-17
Article
Italy: Italian Authorities Sanction Maker of Replika Chatbot for Inadequate Protections
On April 10, 2025, the Italian Supervisory Authority imposed an administrative fine on the U.S. company Luka Inc. based on its operation of the Replika chatbot, citing concerns that the company’s privacy and age-verification policies were inadequate and violated EU law, specifically the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).The inquiry was led by the Italian Data … Continue reading “Italy: Italian Authorities Sanction Maker of…
Contributor:
Figueroa, Dante
Date:2025-09-04
Article
United Kingdom: Amendment to Immigration Bill Would Deny Refugee Protections to Serious Sex Offenders
On May 8, 2025, the U.K. government introduced an amendment to the Border Security, Asylum and Immigration Bill that, if enacted, would deny refugee status to anyone convicted of a serious sexual crime that would qualify them for inclusion on the U.K.’s sex offenders register.The United Nations Refugee Convention allows governments to refuse asylum to … Continue reading “United Kingdom: Amendment to Immigration Bill…
Contributor:
Feikert-Ahalt, Clare
Date:2025-08-14
Article
Brazil: New Laws Strengthen Protections for Women Against Crimes Committed with AI and from Domestic Violence
On April 24, 2025, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva signed two laws strengthening protections for women. The first, law No. 15,123 (Lei No. 15.123, de 24 de Abril de 2025), provides new protections for women who are targets of crimes using artificial intelligence. The law establishes grounds for increasing punishments by one-half for … Continue reading “Brazil: New Laws Strengthen Protections for…
Contributor:
Soares, Eduardo
Date:2025-07-15
Article
Germany: Court Allows Meta to Use Data from Public Social Media Profiles to Train AI
On May 23, 2025, the Higher Regional Court Cologne (OLG Köln) held that Meta, the parent company of the social media platforms Facebook and Instagram, may use personal data obtained from public social media profiles on those platforms to train and improve its artificial intelligence (AI) model. The plaintiff, a consumer association, alleged that such … Continue reading “Germany: Court Allows Meta to Use…
Contributor:
Gesley, Jenny
Date:2025-07-07
Article
Israel: High Court Rejects Petition Prepared Using AI that Referenced Nonexistent Sources
On February 20, 2025, Israel’s Supreme Court issued an opinion addressing the risks associated with the growing use of artificial intelligence tools to draft court documents. In the case, involving a disputed divorce agreement under Sharia (Islamic) law, the court concluded that the petitioner’s counsel submitted inaccurate information derived from AI tools, including references to … Continue reading “Israel: High Court Rejects Petition Prepared…
Contributor:
Levush, Ruth
Date:2025-06-25
Article
European Patent Organization: Responses from ChatGPT Do Not Represent the “Understanding of a Skilled Person”
On April 15, 2025, the Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office held in a challenge to a patent that comments generated by ChatGPT do not qualify as the “understanding of a person skilled in the relevant technical field.” It agreed with the appellant that the invention at issue lacked novelty and revoked the … Continue reading “European Patent Organization: Responses from ChatGPT…
Contributor:
Gesley, Jenny
Date:2025-06-17
Article
Brazil: Senate Advances Discussions on Bill to Regulate AI Use
On March 17, 2025, the Brazilian Federal Senate forwarded a bill designed to regulate the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Brazil to the Chamber of Deputies for review. The Senate approved the bill on December 10, 2024. To become law, the measure must gain the approval of the chamber and the president. (Senado Federal, … Continue reading “Brazil: Senate Advances Discussions on Bill…
Contributor:
Soares, Eduardo
Date:2025-05-23
Article
New Zealand: New Guidance Released on Generative AI Use in the Public Service
On February 3, 2025, the New Zealand government released updated guidance to support the uptake of artificial intelligence technology across the government. The guidance, Responsible AI Guidance for the Public Service: GenAI, “enables agencies to explore and adopt Generative AI (GenAI) systems in ways that are safe, transparent and responsible, and which effectively balance risks … Continue reading “New Zealand: New Guidance Released on…
Contributor:
Buchanan, Kelly
Date:2025-05-15
Article
England and Wales: Bill Targets AI-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material
The Home Office’s proposed Crime and Policing Bill would make it illegal to possess and distribute information on how to use artificial intelligence (AI) to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The proposal was introduced in parliament on February 25, 2025.The government contends that if the legislation is enacted, the United Kingdom would become the … Continue reading “England and Wales: Bill Targets AI-Generated…
Contributor:
Feikert-Ahalt, Clare
Date:2025-04-15
Article
El Salvador: New Law Encourages Development of Artificial Intelligence
On February 26, 2025, the El Salvador Legislative Assembly approved the Law for the Promotion of Artificial Intelligence and Technologies to promote the development, research, and application of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. This comprehensive legal framework seeks to encourage innovation while ensuring public safety and the ethical use of AI. The law’s primary objective … Continue reading “El Salvador: New Law Encourages Development…
Contributor:
Alvarez, Stephania
Date:2025-03-25
Article
France: Bill Introduced to Require Labeling of AI-Generated Images on Social Networks
On December 3, 2024, a bill was introduced in the French National Assembly to mandate the labeling of images posted on social media that were generated or modified by artificial intelligence (AI).The bill reflects the growing interest in addressing AI’s impact on digital media. As AI-generated images, videos, and texts raise serious concerns about transparency, … Continue reading “France: Bill Introduced to Require Labeling…
Contributor:
Gilbert, Louis
Date:2025-03-07
Article
Denmark: Citizen Proposal to Ban Minors’ Use of Tiktok, Snapchat, and Instagram Qualifies for Parliamentary Consideration
On November 26, 2024, the Danish Parliament announced that a citizen initiative to ban minors from using Tiktok, Snapchat, and Instagram reached 50,000 supporters, qualifying the initiative for parliamentary review. On December 12, 2024, members presented the initiative to Parliament, which will hold a first reading of the proposal on February 20, 2025.Rules on Citizen’s … Continue reading “Denmark: Citizen Proposal to Ban Minors’…
Contributor:
Hofverberg, Elin
Date:2025-01-14
Article
European Union: European Artificial Intelligence Office Launches Drafting Process for General-Purpose AI Code of Practice
On September 30, 2024, the European Artificial Intelligence Office (AI Office) held a plenary meeting with nearly 1000 participants to kick off the process of creating a Code of Practice for general-purpose Artificial Intelligence (GPAI).The European Commission established the AI Office on May 28, 2024, to “enabl[e] the future development, deployment and use of AI … Continue reading “European Union: European Artificial Intelligence Office…
Contributor:
Gesley, Jenny
Date:2024-10-24
Article
Netherlands: Face-Recognition Company Clearview AI Fined for Violating EU’s General Data Protection Regulation
On May 16, 2024, the Dutch Data Protection Authority (DPA) (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, AP) fined Clearview AI Inc. 30.5 million euros (approximately US$33.5 million) for violating the European Union’s (EU’s) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in particular by processing personal, biometric data without a proper legal basis. The DPA also issued four enforcement orders that effectively … Continue reading “Netherlands: Face-Recognition Company Clearview AI Fined…
Contributor:
Gesley, Jenny
Date:2024-10-16
Article
Council of Europe: International Treaty on Artificial Intelligence Opens for Signature
On September 5, 2024, the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (AI Treaty) opened for signature. Like the European Union’s (EU’s) AI Act of June 13, 2024, it adopts a risk-based approach but does not establish redlines for certain AI uses.The Council of Europe … Continue reading “Council of Europe: International Treaty on…
Contributor:
Gesley, Jenny
Date:2024-09-23
Article
Germany: Federal Court Rules AI Cannot be Recognized as an Inventor
In a decision published July 31, 2024, the Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof, BGH) ruled that because under German patent law only natural persons can be inventors, artificial intelligence (AI) cannot be listed as the inventor in a patent application. The decision was issued on a patent application filed by Dr. Stephen L. Thaler on … Continue reading “Germany: Federal Court Rules AI Cannot…
