Sections: Introduction | The Northeast | The South | The Midwest | The West

America always! . . . .
Always the prairies, pastures, forests, vast cities, travelers, Kanada, the snows;
Always these compact lands — lands tied at the hips with the belt stringing the huge oval lakes;
Always the West, with strong native persons
All sights, South, North, East — all deeds, promiscuously done at all times,
All characters, movements, growths. . . .

Walt Whitman, American Vistas

From Robert Frost's New England farms to John Steinbeck's California valleys to Eudora Welty's Mississippi Delta, American authors have shaped our view of America's regional landscapes in all their astonishing variety. They have created unforgettable characters, inseparably identified with the territory they inhabit. The Yearling's wandering in the Florida woods, Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox's exploits in the dark northern pines, Huckleberry Finn and Jim's adventures on the Mississippi River, and the Joad family's exhausting trek to California have become an enduring part of the American imagination. Language of the Land uses the metaphor of a journey to tour this rich literary heritage through maps, the words of authors, images of characters, and photographs.

Given the country's history as a nation of immigrants, it is not surprising that a major theme of American literature is exploration, the need to see what is over the horizon. In addition to Jack Kerouac, a number of writers have gone "on the road" and left memorable records of their travels around the United States. The keen observations of these roving authors form introductions to the sections in Language of the Land.

The exhibit's four regional sections feature the voices of writers deeply rooted in a particular place. These local writers create an enduring sense of place and of the vast differences among America's regions.

The inspiration for this exhibition was the Library of Congress's collection of literary maps--maps that acknowledge the contributions of authors to a specific state or region as well as those that depict the geographical locations in works of fiction or fantasy. Throughout the exhibition, these colorful and varied maps reflect the contributions of authors to specific states or regions and locate their imagined people and places. Through these maps, authors' words, images, and characters, Language of the Land presents a tapestry of the impressions that endure in our collective imagination of the American land and its culture.

Language of the Land is part of the Literary Heritage of the States project of the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress. It was developed by the Library's Interpretive Programs Office in cooperation with the Geography and Map Division. The Center for the Book in the Library of Congress was established in 1977 to stimulate public interest in books, reading, and libraries.

This exhibition was made possible by a generous grant from the Lila Wallace-Readers Digest Fund. Additional support was provided by the James Madison Council of the Library of Congress.

The Booklover's Map of the United States

What interests me is the waking in the morning, the progress from the familiar to the slightly odd, to the rather strange, to the totally foreign, and finally to the outlandish. The journey, not the arrival, matters; the voyage, not the landing.

Paul Theroux, The Old Patagonian Express: By Train Through the Americas

The Booklover's Map of the United States. Amy Jones, Designer and Illustrator. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1949. Geography & Map Division, Library of Congress (1)

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Being a Literary Map of the United States

In the United States there is more space where nobody is than where anybody is. That is what makes America what it is.

Gertrude Stein, The Geographical History of America

Being a Literary Map of the United States. Frederic Dornseif, Cartographer. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1942. Geography & Map Division, Library of Congress (2)

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A Pictorial Chart of American Literature

America is neither a land nor a people,
A word's shape it is, a wind's sweep—
America is alone: many together
Many of one mouth, of one breath.

Archibald MacLeish, "It is a Strange Thing to Be An American"

A Pictorial Chart of American Literature. Ella Van Wall Leer, Illustrator. Rand McNally, 1932. Geography & Map Division, Library of Congress (3)

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Map of American Literature, Showing Points of Interest With Backgrounds and Facts That Influenced American Writers

I . . . got out my book of maps. And suddenly the United States became huge beyond belief and impossible ever to cross.

John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley

Map of American Literature, Showing Points of Interest With Backgrounds and Facts That Influenced American Writers. M.R. Klein, Illustrator. Cleveland Heights, Ohio: M.R. Klein, 1932. Geography & Map Division, Library of Congress (4)

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Black Writers for Young America

And if we keep
Our love for this American earth, black fathers,
O black mothers, believing that its fields
Will bear for us at length a harvesting
Of sun, it is because your spirits walk
Beside us as we plough; it is because
This land has grown from your great, deathless hearts.

Robert Hayden, "We Have Not Forgotten"

Black Writers for Young America. Rachel Davis, Illustrator. Washington, D.C.: District of Columbia Council of Teachers of English, 1976. Courtesy of the District of Columbia Council of Teachers of English. Geography & Map Division, Library of Congress (5)

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The Beat Generation Map of America

I see a vision of a great rucksack revolution, thousands or even millions of young Americans wandering around with rucksacks, going up to mountains to pray, making children laugh and old men glad, making young girls happy and old girls happier, all of 'em Zen Lunatics who go about writing poems that happen to appear in their heads for no reason and also by being kind and also by strange unexpected acts keep giving visions of eternal freedom to everybody and to all living creatures. . . .

Jack Kerouac, The Dharma Bums

The Beat Generation Map of America. Stan Grant, Illustrator. Los Angeles: Aaron Blake, 1987. Courtesy of Molly Maguire and Aaron Silverman. Geography & Map Division, Library of Congress (6)

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Road to Glacier National Park, Montana

So in America when the sun goes down and I sit on the old broken-down river pier watching the long, long skies over New Jersey and sense all that raw land that rolls in one unbelievable huge bulge over to the West Coast, and all that road going, all the people dreaming in the immensity of it. . . .

Jack Kerouac, On the Road

Road to Glacier National Park, Montana. August 1941. Marion Post Wolcott, Photographer. FSA-OWI Collection. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress (7)

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A cotton field and plantation house, Macon, Georgia

From Paumanok I fly like a bird,
Around and around to soar to sing the idea of all
To Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, to sing their songs, (they are inimitable;)
Then to Ohio and Indiana to sing theirs, to Missouri and Kansas and Arkansas to sing theirs,
To Tennessee and Kentucky, to the Carolinas and Georgia to sing theirs,
To Texas and so along up toward California, to roam accepted everywhere;
To sing first (to the tap of the war-drum if need be,)
The idea of all, of the Western world one and inseparable,
And then the song of each member of these States.

Walt Whitman, "From Paumanok Starting I Fly Like a Bird"

A cotton field and plantation house, Macon, Georgia. July 1937. Dorothea Lange, Photographer. FSA-OWI Collection. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress (8)

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Looking north over the Savoy Mountain Range of the Berkshire Mountains, Massachusetts

The woods were as still, and apparently . . . as much untenanted, as when they came fresh from the hands of their Almighty Creator. The eye could range in every direction through the long and shadowed vistas of the trees; but nowhere was any object to be seen that did not properly belong to the peaceful and slumbering scenery. . . . Across the tract of wilderness . . . it seemed as if the foot of man had never trodden, so breathing and deep was the silence in which it lay.

James Fenimore Cooper, The Last of the Mohicans

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Portland Head Light, Maine

I wished to see that seashore where man's works are wrecks; to put up at the true Atlantic House, where the ocean is land-lord as well as sea-lord, and comes ashore without a wharf for the landing. . . . the roaring of the breakers, and the ceaseless flux and reflux of the waves [which] did not for a moment cease to dash and roar, with such a tumult. . . .

Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod

Portland Head Light, Maine. 1935. John Marshall, Photographer. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress (10)

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Desert scene along the Apache Trail, Gila County, Arizona

I had never been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. . . . I dreamed all night about Indians, deserts, and silver bars, and in due time, next day, we took shipping at the St. Louis wharf on board a steamboat bound up the Missouri River.

Mark Twain, Roughing It

Desert scene along the Apache Trail, Gila County, Arizona. April 1940. Russell Lee, Photographer. FSA-OWI Collection. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress (11)

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Gallipolis, Ohio

I drove into the street, around the corner, through the intersection, over the bridge, onto the highway. I was heading toward those little towns that get on the map if they get on at all -- only because some cartographer has a blank space to fill: Remote, Oregon; Simplicity, Virginia; New Freedom, Pennsylvania; New Hope, Tennessee; Why, Arizona; Whynot, Mississippi; Igo, California (just down the road from Ono), here I come.

William Least Heat Moon, Blue Highways

Gallipolis, Ohio. May 1943. Arthur Siegal, Photographer. FSA-OWI Collection. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress (12)

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Sections: Introduction | The Northeast | The South | The Midwest | The West