Prelude

• C.M. Battey. Booker T. Washington. Photograph, ca. 1890. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (001.00.00)
  Digital ID # cph.3a26544
• Booker T. Washington. “Atlanta Exposition Speech,” September 18, 1895. Typescript with autograph corrections. Booker T. Washington Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (002.00.00)
  Digital ID # na0002p1 – na0002p7
• Letter from W.E.B. Dubois to Booker T. Washington congratulating Washington on his “Atlanta Exposition Speech,” September 24, 1895. Autograph letter. Booker T. Washington Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (003.00.00)
  Digital ID # na0003
• C. M. Battey. W. E. B. Du Bois, ca. 1919. Photograph.  Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (005.00.00) [Digital ID # cph.3a53178]
• Thomas Brook, ed. Plessy v. Ferguson: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997. General Collections, Library of Congress (004.00.00)
  Digital ID # na0004p1 – na0004p3
• Ida B. Wells-Barnett, published 1891. Photographic print. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (006.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # ppmsca-23823
• Ida B. Wells-Barnett. Lynch Law in Georgia. Chicago: Chicago Colored Citizens, 1899. Daniel A.P. Murray Pamphlet Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (007.00.00)
  Digital ID # na0007, na0007p01-na0007p19
• “In Georgia.” Puck, April 11, 1900. Facsimile of magazine cover. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (008.00.00)
  Digital ID # cph-3b48926
• Niagara Movement Founders, 1905. Top row (left to right): H. A. Thompson, Alonzo F. Herndon, John Hope, James R. L. Diggs (?). Second row (left to right): Frederick McGhee, Norris B. Herndon (boy), J. Max Barber, W. E. B. Du Bois, Robert Bonner. Bottom row (left to right): Henry L. Bailey, Clement G. Morgan, W. H. H. Hart, B. S. Smith.  Reproduction. Courtesy of the W.E.B Du Bois Library, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (009.00.00)
  [Digital ID # MS0312-0394, MS0312-0401]
• An Open Letter to College Men—The Meaning of the Niagara Movement and the Junior Niagara Movement, 1909. Pamphlet. Booker T. Washington Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (014.00.00)
  [Digital ID # na0014p1-na0014p5]
• “25th Infantry, Companies B, C & D.” Supplement to the Richmond (Virginia) Planet. n.d. Poster. Mary Church Terrell Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (013.00.00) Digital ID # na0013
• Mary Church Terrell to Sergeant Sanders concerning the Brownsville Affair, December 8, 1906. Typed letter. Mary Church Terrell Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (011.00.00)
  Digital ID # na011
• Addison Scurlock. Mary Church Terrell, ca. 1920. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (012.00.00) Permission for online use courtesy of the Scurlock Studio Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Behring Center, Smithsonian
  Digital ID # ppmsc-00065
• Francis Jackson Garrison to Booker T. Washington concerning the Atlanta Riot, October 7, 1906. Autograph letter. Booker T. Washington Papers, Manuscript
  Division, Library of Congress (010.00.00)
  Digital ID # na0010p1, na0010p2
• Militia camp in tents on State House grounds during the Springfield, Illinois, riots [1908]. Photograph. George Grantham Bain Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (015.00.00)
  Digital ID # ggbain-02050

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Founding and Early Years

• William English Walling, Chairman of NAACP Executive Committee (1910–1911) [1906]. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (016.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # ppmsca-23824
• William English Walling to Ray Stannard Baker concerning the National Conference on the Negro, February 6, 1909. Typed letter. Ray Stannard Baker Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (017.00.00)
  Digital ID # na0017
• Committee on the Negro “Call” for a National Conference, February 1909.  Typescript. Ray Stannard Baker Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (018.00.00).
  Digital ID # na0018p1 – na0018p3
• Mary White Ovington, ca. 1910. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (020.00.00)
  Digital ID # ppmsca-23826
• Dr. Henry Moskowitz, between 1920 and 1936. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (021.00.00)
  Digital ID # ppmsca-23827
• Oswald Garrison Villard, between 1910 and 1920. NAACP Collection, Prints
  Photographs Division, Library of Congress (022.00.00)
  Digital ID # ppmsca-23828
• Charles E. Russell, between 1920 and 1936. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (019.00.00)
  Digital ID # ppmsca-23825
• Bishop Alexander Walters, between 1930 and 1960. Print engraving. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (023.00.00)
  Digital ID # ppmsca-23829
• Florence Kelley. Underwood & Underwood, ca. 1925. Photograph. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (23.01.00) [Digital ID # cph.3b20591]
• Photograph of Lillian Wald. Harris & Ewing, between 1905 and 1945. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (023.00.00)
  [Digital ID # hec.19537]
• NAACP. Platform of the National Negro Committee, 1909. Printed document. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (024.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0024
• Moorfield Storey, between 1909 and 1929. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (027.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # ppmsca.23830]
• The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races, November 1910. New York: NAACP, 1910. Journal. General Collections, Library of Congress (026.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0026]
• Pink Franklin to NAACP Secretary Frances Blascoer concerning his defense, December 5, 1910. Autograph letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (031.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0031p1 – na0031p2
• NAACP Secretary Frances Blascoer to Pink Franklin concerning the appeal of his case, December 24, 1910. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (032.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0032
• Joel E. Spingarn. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (030.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # ppmsca-05524
• Constitution and By-Laws of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 1911. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (025.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0025.01p1
• Arthur Spingarn. Gelatin silver print. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (029.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # ppmsca-23832
• Jane Addams. Has the Emancipation Act Been Nullified by National Indifference, NAACP, 1913.  Pamphlet. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (033.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0033p1, na0033p2]
• The Spingarn Medal, February 25, 1913. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (034.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0034p1, na0034p2]
• A Letter to President Woodrow Wilson on Federal Race Discrimination, August 15, 1913. Printed document, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (036.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0036p1, na0036p2]
• “D.W. Griffith’s Immortal Masterpiece ‘The Birth of a Nation’ First Time in Sound!” December 1936. Poster. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (038.00.00)
  [Digital ID # cph.3g02427]
• Lillian Wald to May Childs Nerney concerning the protest of D.W. Griffith’s film “Birth of a Nation,” March 24, 1915. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (037.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0037]
• Board minutes concerning Guinn v. United States, June 3, 1913. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (035.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0035
• NAACP Secretary Royal Nash to Directors and Branch Officers about changing the name of the NAACP, February 1, 1916.  Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (038.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0038_01]
• W.E.B. Du Bois. The Amenia Conference: An Historical Negro Gathering.  The Troutbeck Press, 1925. Pamphlet. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (040.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0040p1-na0040p10]
• The Amenia Conference, 1916. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (039.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3a50780]
• In the Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1916 [no. 231], Charles H. Buchanan v. William Warley. Pamphlet. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (041.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0041p1 – na0041p3
• Silent protest parade in New York City against the East St. Louis riots, 1917. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (042.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # cph-3a34294
• John R. Shillady, between 1910 and 1920. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (028.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # ppmsca.23831]
• W.E. B. Du Bois to NAACP Board of Directors concerning the 1919 Pan-African Congress and a book on the black soldier in World War I, December 24, 1918. Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (043.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0043p1-na0043p4]
• NAACP Board of Director Minutes concerning W.E.B. Du Bois’s trip to France, February 10, 1919. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (043.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0043_01, na0043_01p1]
• Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889–1918. New York: NAACP, April 1919. NAACP Collection, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (045.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0045p1 – na0045p4
• Statement of James E. Scott concerning his assault by rioters in Washington, D.C. July 19, 1919. Typed document. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (044.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0044]

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The New Negro Movement

• Congressman L.C. Dyer to John R. Shillady concerning an anti-lynching bill, April 6, 1918. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (047.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP[Digital ID # na0047]
• Federal law against Lynchings, Speech of Hon. L.C. Dyer of Missouri in the House of Representatives, May 7, 1918. Pamphlet. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (048.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0048p1-na0048p5]
• Robert Edmund Jones.  Soldiers. Cover of The Crisis, June 1918. New York: NAACP, 1918. General Collections, Library of Congress (049.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0049]
• Addie W. Hunton and Kathryn M. Johnson.  Two Colored Women with the American Expeditionary Forces.  Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Eagle Press, 1920. General Collections, Library of Congress (059.00.00) [Digital ID # na0059]
• James Weldon Johnson, between 1900 and 1920. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (050.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3a43308]
• Photograph of Walter Francis White, between 1920 and 1940. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (051.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3c07019]
• Robert W. Bagnall, between 1915 and 1925. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (061.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # ppmsca.23835]
• William Pickens, between 1910 and 1920. Photograph.  NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (058.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # ppmsca.23834]
• Lynching flag flying at NAACP headquarters, ca. 1938. Gelatin silver print. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (046.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # ppmsca-09705
• James Weldon Johnson to Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes concerning the occupation of Haiti by United States Armed Forces, March 28, 1921. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (054.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0054]
• Marcus Garvey, August 5, 1924. Photograph.  Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (056.00.00) [Digital ID # cph.3a03567]
• Marcus Garvey to James Weldon Johnson concerning the NAACP’s alleged interference with the Universal Negro Improvement Association, January 21, 1922. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (055.00.00) Courtesy of Dr. Juilus W. Garvey
  [Digital ID # na0055]
• The Arkansas Cases. New York: NAACP, July 1922. Pamphlet. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (51.02.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0051_02, na0051_02p1-na0051_02p6]
• The Crisis, April 1923. New York: NAACP, 1923. General Collections, Library of Congress (052.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0052p1-na0052p2]
• Jessie Redmon Fauset, n.d. Photograph. Harmon Foundation Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (065.00.00)
  [Digital ID # na0065]
• Walter White’s field notes and report concerning the lynching of Sammie Smith in Nashville, Tennessee, [1924]. Typescript and autograph manuscript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (053.00.00–53.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0053p1 – na0053p10, na0053_01p5
• Walter Burkett, 24th Infantry, to NAACP Assistant Secretary Walter White thanking the NAACP for defending soldiers of the 24th Infantry, February 8, 1924. Autograph letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (057.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0057]
• Letter from L.W. Washington to Robert W. Bagnall concerning Nixon v. Herndon, August 2, 1924. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (060.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0060
• Walter White to Jacob Billikop, Director of the Federation of Jewish Charities, concerning his novel Fire in the Flint, September 26, 1924. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (053.02.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0053_02, na0053_02p1]
• Langston Hughes to Walter White, October 29, 1925. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (062.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0062
• Walter White to James Weldon Johnson concerning the Ossian Sweet case, November 13, 1925. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (063.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0063]
• W. E. B. Du Bois. “Criteria for Negro Art.” The Crisis, October 1926. New York:  NAACP, 1926. Article. General Collections, Library of Congress (52.02.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0052_01p1-na0052_04p4]
• James Weldon Johnson. God’s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse. Illustrated by Aaron Douglass. New York: Viking Press 1927. Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (064.00.00)
  [Digital ID # na0064p4]
• Louis Tompkins Wright, between 1934 and 1950. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (051.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # cph.3c10596]
• NAACP officials at the Twentieth Annual Session of the NAACP in Cleveland, Ohio, June 26, 1929. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (066.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # ppmsca-05523

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The Great Depression

• Telegram from NAACP Acting Secretary Walter White to U.S. Vice President Charles Curtis concerning the confirmation of Judge John Parker, May 7, 1930. Carbon copy of typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (067.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0067p1-na0067p2]
• Nathan R. Margold. Preliminary Report to the Joint Committee Supervising the Expenditure of the 1930 Appropriation by the American Fund for Public Service [1931]. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (070.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0070p1 – na0070p8
• Dr. P. A. Stephens to Walter White concerning the Scottsboro Case, April 2, 1931.  Autograph letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (071.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0071]
• Miss Juanita Jackson visiting the Scottsboro Boys, January 1937.  Halftone photomechanical print.  NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (072.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3c16731]
• Fred C. Knollenberg to NAACP Secretary Walter White concerning Nixon v. Condon, October 20, 1932. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (073.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0073p1 - na0073p2
• George S. Schuyler to NAACP Secretary Walter White concerning the Mississippi River Flood Control Project investigation, December 23 [1932]. Autograph note cards and typed letter.  NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (074.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0074p1 – na0074p7]
• Roy Wilkins, Assistant Secretary of the NAACP, in workman’s disguise during his investigation of workers’ conditions on the Federal Flood Control Project, Memphis, Tennessee, 1932. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (076.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # cph.3c19164]
• W.E.B. Du Bois to Walter White concerning the second Amenia Conference, March 14, 1933.  Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (077.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0077]
• Participants in the Amenia Conference, 1933. Third Row (left to right): Ralph Bunche, Edward P. Lovett, W.E.B. Du Bois, Abram Harris, Charles Houston, Grace Nail Johnson, Roy Wilkins, E. Franklin Frazier, Sterling Brown, Lillian Alexander, Emmett Dorsey, William Pickens, Mary White Ovington, Ira De A. Reid, James Weldon Johnson, and Walter White.  Second Row (left to right): Hope Spingarn, Hazel Brown, Juanita Jackson, M. Moran Weston, Wenonah Logan, Joel Spingarn, Elmer A. Carter, Mabel J. Bryde, Frank Wilson, and Marion Cuthbert.  Front Row (left to right): Dr. Ernest Alexander, Ruth McGee, Dr. Virginia Alexander, Howard Shaw, Anna Arnold, Sara E. Reid, Pauline Young, Frances Williams, unidentified.  Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (078.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3c17806]
• NAACP President Joel Spingarn to the Board of Directors concerning W.E. B. Du Bois’s Editorial on Segregation in The Crisis, January 10, 1934. Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (078.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0078_01]
• Walter White to Roy Wilkins concerning the Costigan–Wagner Anti-Lynching Bill, June 20, 1934.  Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (078.02.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0078_02]
• Charles Houston, ca. 1940. Gelatin silver print. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (068.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # cph-3c31020
• Memorandum for the Joint Committee of the NAACP and the American Fund for Public Service, Inc. from Charles H. Houston, October 26, 1934. Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (079.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0079p1 – na0079p13
• William Hastie Chairman of the National Legal Committee, NAACP, n.d. Gelatin silver print. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (069.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # ppmsca-05515
• Thurgood Marshall, between 1935 and 1940. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (086.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3b31054]
• Donald Murray. No Trials & Tribulations, ca. 1935, concerning Murray v. Maryland. Autograph manuscript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (081.00.00) Courtesy of Donald G. Murray, Jr.
  [Digital ID # na0081p1 – na0081p7]
• Walter White to Frances Williams and Charles Houston concerning the Italo-Ethiopian (Abyssinian) crisis. June 11, 1935. Carbon copy of Type letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (079.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0079_01, na0079_01p1]
• Dismantled 65 mm guns captured from Italians by Abyssinian troops are transported to forward positions in maneuvers of Italian Army, date unknown. Photograph.  NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (079.02.00)  Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # ppmsca.24951]
• Charles H. Houston. Agreement for Preliminary Investigation into Exclusion of Negroes from the University of Missouri, July 15, 1935. Typed document. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (080.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0080p1-na0080p5]
• NAACP Secretary Walter White to Jesse Owens concerning the 1936 Olympic games, December 4, 1935. Typed letter. NAACP Collection, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (082.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0082p1 – na0082p2]
• Jesse Owens, 1936. Photograph. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (083.00.00) [Digital ID # cph.3a28453]
• NAACP Secretary Walter White to Eleanor Roosevelt concerning Marian Anderson’s Easter Sunday concert and Spingarn Medal, April 12, 1939. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (085.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0085
• Marian Anderson singing at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., April 9, 1939.  Gelatin silver print.  Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (084.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # ppmsca-23838
• Thurgood Marshall to Arthur B. Spingarn and Walter White concerning the founding of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, July 27, 1939. Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (087.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP  [Digital ID # na0087p1 – na0087p2]

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World War II and the Post War Years

• Louise E. Jefferson. NAACP Birthday Ball at the Golden Gate Ballroom with Count Basie and his Orchestra, February 26, 1940. Poster. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (092.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # ppmsca.24947]
• A. Philip Randolph to NAACP Secretary Walter White, March 18, 1941. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (088.00.00) Courtesy of the A Philip Randolph Institute
  Digital ID # na0088
• Louise Jefferson. The Negro in National Defense—NAACP Conference, Houston, Texas, June 24–29 [1941]—Fight Now for Action. Poster. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (088.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # ppmsca-24949]
• [African American soldiers on patrol near bombed buildings, somewhere in Europe]/ U.S. Army Signal Corps, 1944. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (091.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3c33628]
• Purpose of the NAACP Washington Bureau, [1942]. Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (090.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0090
• “Saving the Race,” Thurgood Marshall to the NAACP legal staff concerning voting rights cases in Texas, in Smith v. Allwright, November 17, 1941. Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (089.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP 
  Digital ID # na0089p1 – na0089p2
• Elton Fax. “Come, let us take counsel together!” Attend NAACP Wartime Conference for Total Peace,” Chicago, July 12–16 [1944]. Poster. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (91.02.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # ppmsca.24948]
• Walter White. Draft pages from A Rising Wind, 1945. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (091.00.00-091.00.01)  Reprinted by permission of Jane White Viazzi
  [Digital ID # na0091p1, na0091p2]
• NAACP Secretary Walter White soliciting funds to support the litigation of Morgan v. Virginia, May 20, 1946. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (093.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0093]
• Elton Fax. NAACP 8th Annual Youth Conference in New Orleans, November 21–24, 1946. Poster. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (093.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # ppmsca.24950]
• President Harry Truman to Walter White concerning the speech he delivered at the 38th Annual NAACP Convention, July 9, 1947. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (095.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0095_01]
• W. E. B. Du Bois et al. Appeal to the World: A Statement on the Denial of Human Rights to Minorities in the Case of Citizens of the United States of America and an Appeal to the United Nations for Redress, 1947. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (095.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0095p1-na0095p4]
• George L. Vaughn to Thurgood Marshall concerning Shelley v. Kraemer, January 13, 1947. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (094.00.00-094.00.01) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0094p1, na0094p2]
• Executive Order 9980, July 26, 1948. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (096.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0096
• NAACP Acting Secretary Roy Wilkins to Officers of Branches, State Conferences, Youth Councils, and College Chapters, regarding National Civil Rights Campaign, October 21, 1949. Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (098.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0098p1-na0098p3]
• Complete Text of U.S. Supreme Court Decisions: The Henderson Case, The McLaurin Case, The Sweatt Case. Pamphlet. Pittsburgh: The Pittsburgh Courier, 1950. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (099.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0099p1 – na0099p5

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The Civil Rights Era

• Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr., Director NAACP Washington Bureau, February 28, 1957. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (100.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # ppmsca.23839]
• Herbert Hill, between 1950 and 1960. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (101.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # cph.3c26947]
• Harry Tyson Moore, ca. 1950. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (102.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # cph.3c28702]
• Minutes of Committee Meeting to Implement the Annual Conference Resolution on the Fighting Fund for Freedom, October 8, 1953. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (103.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0103p1 – na0103p6
• Marguerite Belafonte and little boy holding NAACP Freedom Fund balloons, between 1950 and 1960. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (118.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # ppmsca.23841]
• Robert L. Carter, between 1940 and 1955. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (105.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3c26948]
• Earl Warren’s reading copy of the Brown v. Board opinion, May 17, 1954. Printed document with autograph annotations. Earl Warren Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (106.00.00)
  Digital ID # na0106
• George E. C. Hayes, Thurgood Marshall, and James M. Nabrit congratulating each other on the Brown decision, May 17, 1954. Gelatin silver print.  New York World-Telegram and Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (107.00.00)
  Digital ID # cph-3c11236
• Warren K. Leffler. Roy Wilkins, Executive Secretary of the NAACP, April 5, 1963. Photograph. U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (100.01.00)
  [Digital ID # ppmsca.01273]
• Press release concerning the lynching of Emmett Till, September 1, 1955.  Typescript.  NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (107.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0107_01, na0107_01p1]
• Mass Meeting Protesting Emmett Till Lynching and Trial [in Mississippi] 8:00 P.M., Friday, October 21, 1955 at Community A.M.E. Church. . . , [1955]. Flyer. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (107.02.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0107_02]
• Mrs. Rosa Parks being fingerprinted in Montgomery, Alabama, 1956. Gelatin silver print.  New York World-Telegram and Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (109.00.00)
  Digital ID # cph-3c09643
• Rosa Parks’s arrest record, December 5, 1955. Typed document. Frank Johnson Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (108.00.00, 108.00.01)
  Digital ID # na0108p1, na0108p2
• J.L. Leflore to Thurgood Marshall concerning the Alabama State Attorney General’s efforts to ban the NAACP in Alabama, June 4, 1956. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (110.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0110]
• Ruby Hurley, Youth Secretary of NAACP, between 1943 and 1950. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (113.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # ppmsca.23840]
• U.S. Congress. Public Law 85-315, 85th Congress, H.R. 6127 (Civil Rights Act of 1957), September 9, 1957. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (111.00.00) [Digital ID # na0111p1-na0111p4]
• Daisy Bates to NAACP Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins on the treatment of the Little Rock Nine, December 17, 1957. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (112.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0112p1 – na0112p2
• Ella Baker, between 1943 and 1946. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (114.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3c18852]
• The Crisis. “50 Years: Freedom, Civil Rights, Progress,” June-July 1959. New York: NAACP, 1959. General Collections, Library of Congress (115.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0115]
• The Day They Changed Their Minds. New York: NAACP, March, 1960. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (117.00.00-117.00.06) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0117p1-na00117p7]
• John A. Morsell, Assistant to NAACP Executive Secretary, to President John F. Kennedy requesting the assistance of the Federal government in the case of James Meredith, September 21, 1962. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (123.00.00-123.00.01) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0123p1, na0123p2]
• Medgar W. Evers, between 1950 and 1963. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (120.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3c19120]
• Roy Wilkins with a few of the ca. 250,000 participants on the Mall heading for the Lincoln Memorial in the March on Washington, August 28, 1963. (2nd row, left to right). Civil rights attorney Joseph Rauh, National Urban League Executive Director Whitney Young, Jr., NAACP Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters President and AFL-CIO Vice President A. Philip Randolph, and United Automobile Workers President Walter Reuther. Photograph. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (119.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # cph.3b24324]
• March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom—Lincoln Memorial Program, August 28, 1963. Program. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (122.00.00) [Digital ID # na0122p1-na0122p3]
• The Civil Rights Act of 1964. What’s in it: Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, 1964. Pamphlet. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (125.00.00-125.00.04) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0125p1-na0125p5]
• NAACP Counsel J. Francis Pohlhaus with President Lyndon B. Johnson, 1964. Photograph. (125.01.00) Courtesy of Christopher J. Pohlhaus
  [Digital ID # na0125_01]
• Robert Moses, Program Director, Council of Federated Organizations to NAACP Executive Secretary Roy regarding the Mississippi Freedom Summer project, March 1, 1964. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (124.00.00-124.00.01) Courtesy of Robert Moses
  [Digital ID # na0124p1, na0124p2]
• Sample Application for Registration, Questionnaire and Oaths, Alabama Board of Registrars, 1964. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (124.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0124_01, na0124_01p1-na0124_01p2]
• Senator Walter Mondale to NAACP Executive Director Roy Wilkins acknowledging the NAACP’s appreciation of his support of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, August 17, 1965. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (126.00.00) Courtesy of Walter F. Mondale 
  Digital ID # na0126
• Roy Wilkins to NAACP supporters concerning the NAACP’s position on “Black Power,” October 17, 1966. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (127.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0127]
• Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Chairman Roy Wilkins to United States Senators concerning the Civil Rights Act of 1968, January 15, 1968. Typed letter. Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (128.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0128p1-na0128p2]
• NAACP. NAACP: Here Today, Here Tomorrow, 1969. Poster. Yanker Poster Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (116.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # yan.1a38612]
• NAACP President Kivie Kaplan (center) with NAACP members at Abraham Lincoln’s tomb for a memorial service, Springfield, Illinois [1969]. Photograph. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (104.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0104]
• Senator Edward M. Kennedy to Roy Wilkins concerning the nomination of Judge Clement F. Haynsworth, Jr. to the U.S. Supreme Court, October 6, 1969. Typed letter.  NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (129.00.00) Courtesy of the Kennedy Family [Digital ID # na0129]

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A Renewal of the Struggle

• NAACP. At the Ballot Box, Everybody is Equal, Register and Vote: Join the NAACP, between 1970–1979. Poster. Gary Yanker Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (130.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # ppmsca-19870
• Roy Wilkins to U.S. Attorney General Edward H. Levi concerning Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, December 24, 1975. Typed letter.  NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (132.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0133p1-na0133p6]
• Nathaniel R. Jones, Julius Williams, and Melvin W. Bolden, Jr. The Search for Military Justice. New York: NAACP Special Contribution Fund, 1971. Pamphlet. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (131.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0131_01p01-na0131_01p03, na0131_01p15-na0131_01p18
• Leroy Mobley, Director of NAACP Prison Program. NAACP Prison Program. Pamphlet. New York: NAACP, ca. 1980. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (136.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0136p1-na0136p9]
• [Margaret Bush Wilson, Chairman of the NAACP Board of Directors, with Denton L. Watson, NAACP Director of Public Relations] ca. 1977. Photograph. NAACP Records. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (134.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0134]
• NAACP General Counsel Nathaniel R. Jones to Roy Wilkins, Margaret Bush Wilson, and NAACP Board of Directors concerning Claiborne Hardware Company v. NAACP, August 26, 1976. Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division (133.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0133p1, na0133p2]
• Benjamin Hooks, NAACP Executive Director. Photograph. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (135.00.00)  Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0135]
• The 7th Annual ACT-SO, June 29–July 3, 1984, The Westin Crown Center Hotel, Kansas City, Missouri.  Program booklet.  NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (142.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0142p1 – na0142p2
• NAACP Statement on the Implications of the Bakke Decision for College /University Admissions. Pamphlet. Baltimore: NAACP, [1978]. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (140.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0140p1-na0140p7]
• NAACP Beverly Hills-Hollywood Branch. The 14th Annual NAACP Image Awards: “A Dual Society is an Unequal Society,” December 6, 1981, Hollywood Palladium. Program. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (137.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0137]
• Statement by NAACP Executive Director Benjamin L. Hooks upon the signing of a fair share agreement with the presidents of Edison Electric Institute and American Gas Association, October 7, 1982. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (139.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0139p1 – na0139p3
• National NAACP Health Fair: Get Healthy in ’83 with the NAACP, 1983. Flyer. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (141.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0141
• South Africa NAACP Historical Involvement 1911–1985. Pamphlet. Baltimore: NAACP [1985]. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (143.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0143p1-na0143p7]
• NAACP Executive Director Benjamin Hooks to all NAACP Units and Supporters of the August 26, 1989 Silent March on Washington re: the Silent March on Washington, July 25, 1989. Washington, D.C. Memorandum. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (144.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0144bp1 – na0144bp2
• Flyer for the NAACP’s Symbolic Silent March Protesting the Recent Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court on Affirmative Action and Minority Set-asides, Saturday, August 26, 1989, Washington, D.C. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (144.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0144a

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Towards A New Century

• Benjamin Hooks. Open letter noting a resurgence of racism on U.S. college campuses, May 29, 1990. Typed letter.  NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (145.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP   [Digital ID # na0145_01p1, na0145_01p2]
• Benjamin Chavis (Chavis Muhammad), NAACP Executor Director, ca. 1993. Photograph.  NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (146.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0146]
• Myrlie Evers-Williams. Chairman, NAACP Board of Directors. Photograph. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (145.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0145]
• Kweisi Mfume, NAACP President and CEO, ca. 1997. Photograph. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (147.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0147
• NAACP Official Testifies at Congressional Hearings on Church Fires, May 21, 1996. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (149.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0149
• NAACP President Kweisi Mfume. Remarks at a News Conference on Economic Reciprocity, February 2, 1998. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (150.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0150p1 – na0150p7
• Statement of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People on Fairness Hearing on Pigford et al v. Glickman, Civil Action Case No. 97-CV-1978 PLF before the United States District Court, March 2, 1999. Typescript. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (151.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP 
  Digital ID # na0151p1 – na0151p6
• Julian Bond, Chairman of the NAACP National Board of Directors, ca. 1998. Silver gelatin print. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (139.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0148
• Frank Frazier. NAACP A “New Day Begun,” 1998. Poster. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (152.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0152]
• Kweisi Mfume to Mannie Jackson, Chairman/Owner of the Harlem Globetrotters, thanking Jackson for his donation in support of the NAACP’s effort to remove the Confederate flag from the South Carolina state capital grounds, June 6, 2000. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (154.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  Digital ID # na0154p1 – na0154p3
• Kweisi Mfume to Amy T. Billingsley concerning voter rights in the 2000 presidential election, January 30, 2001. Typed letter. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of congress (153.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP
  [Digital ID # na0153p1–na0153p2]
• Bruce S. Gordon, NAACP President and CEO. Photograph. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (155.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na155]
• Benjamin Jealous, NAACP President and CEO, 2008. Photograph. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (156.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na156]
• Roslyn M. Brock, Chair, NAACP Board of Directors, ca. 2010. Photograph. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (156.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0156_01]

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