Zez Confrey (1895-1971) was a popular composer and pianist whose work epitomized a style known as “novelty ragtime.” His multi-themed works sounded like conventional ragtime but made quick excursions into different tonal centers, sometimes giving the illusion of wrong notes. These pieces also contained ear-tricking eccentric rhythms designed to give the listener an off-center effect. His most famous compositions were “Kitten on the Keys” and “Stumbling.” Confrey made solo recordings for Edison and Brunswick. He also recorded with his dance orchestra for Victor.