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Historic American Buildings Survey,
Engineering Record, Landscapes Survey
View photos from this survey. (Some may not be online).
Theodore Roosevelt Island, Potomac River, Washington, District of Columbia, DC
- Title: Theodore Roosevelt Island, Potomac River, Washington, District of Columbia, DC
- Other Title:
George Washington Memorial Parkway
Analostan Island
Mason's Island - Creator(s): Historic American Landscapes Survey, creator
- Related Names:
Mason, George, IV
Mason, John
Hadfield, George
Hepburn, David
Bradley, William A., Sr.
1st U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment
Truth, Sojourner
Association of Friends for the Aid and Elevation of the Freedmen
Bradley, William A., Sr.
Bradley Family
Columbia Athletic Club
Leiter, Joseph
Washington Gas Light Company
Roosevelt Memorial Association (Theodore Roosevelt Association)
Olmsted, Frederick Law, Jr.
Hubbard, Henry V.
Olmsted Brothers
U.S. National Park Service
Manship, Paul
Gugler, Eric
Fonderia Artistica Battaglia
Baldi & Sons
Dolinsky, Paul D. , Chief, Historic American Landscapes Survey
O'Connor, Richard , Chief, Heritage Documentation Programs
Vela, David , superintendent
Muller, Bonita , project manager
Wenchel, Andrew , project manager
George Washington Memorial Parkway , sponsor
Kidd, Anne E. , field team supervisor
Clemmens, Meghan , field team
Mincey, Cal J. , field team
Pliska, Jonathan , field team
Rosenthal, James W. , photographer
Lowe, Jet , photographer
Stein, James , field team - Date Created/Published: Documentation compiled after 2000
- Medium:
Photo(s): 46
Measured Drawing(s): 14
Data Page(s): 200
Photo Caption Page(s): 3 - Reproduction Number: ---
- Rights Advisory:
No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. (http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html)
- Call Number: HALS DC-12
- Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
- Notes:
- See also HABS DC-28 for additional documentation, includes drawings, photographs, and written data.
- See also HAER VA-87, includes written data.
- Significance: Theodore Roosevelt Island's primary significance rests on its role as a memorial to Theodore Roosevelt and his devotion to the conservation of America's natural resources. However, the site also enjoys a rich history with several additional periods of significance. Throughout its evolution, topography and geology have always mandated settlement patterns on and the development of the island landscape. Archeological evidence shows that the island was in use by the area's Native American tribes from prehistory until the early eighteenth century. Furthermore, the island's alternate name of Analostan likely originated through an association with the Necostin (Anacostian) Indians. In 1717, Revolutionary Patriot George Mason IV, author of the Virginia Bill of Rights, acquired the Island and established a ferry there in 1748. His son, John Mason, developed the island as a plantation estate and built a causeway connecting with the Virginia coast and a large Federal-style mansion, also named Analostan. The alternate historical name of Mason's Island stems from the Mason family's ownership of the site. Later, during the Civil War, Union forces occupied Theodore Roosevelt Island. During the summer of 1863 the island functioned as the camp of the 1st United States Colored Troops, an African American regiment composed of free blacks and escaped slaves. From May 1864-June 1865 a freedmen's refugee camp occupied much of the island, including the Mason mansion. Following a long period of transient ownership, short-term tenancy, and disuse, the Roosevelt Memorial Association (RMA) purchased the island in 1931 as a national memorial to the former president. The following year the RMA gave the island to the federal government, but maintained planting and development rights. Between 1934-1945 the RMA retained renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. to replant the island as a planned wilderness "to be preserved as nearly as possible as in its natural state.” This concept of designed nature is significant in that it forces people to rethink the human relationship with the natural world, and indeed, what constitutes nature. Less abstractly, the planting plan, carried out by Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) workers, "represents one of the most complete expressions of Olmsted's ideals on scenic preservation, through his attempt to recreate the island's presumed former appearance so that it could continue its natural evolution to a stable, 'climax' forest." Finally, Gugler's plaza and Manship's Theodore Roosevelt sculpture represent a distinct step in the development of presidential memorials within Washington, DC.
- Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: N15
- Survey number: HALS DC-12
- Building/structure dates: 1733-1792 Initial Construction
- Building/structure dates: 1792-1833 Initial Construction
- Building/structure dates: ca. 1797- 1802 Initial Construction
- Building/structure dates: ca. 1796- ca. 1802 Initial Construction
- Building/structure dates: 1852-1861 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1861-1865 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1863-1863 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1864-1864
- Building/structure dates: 1864-1865 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1865-1867
- Building/structure dates: 1867-1909 Demolished
- Building/structure dates: ca. 1887- 1892 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1913-1914
- Building/structure dates: 1914-1931
- Building/structure dates: 1931-current Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1932-1947 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1932-1947 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1932-1947 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1933-current Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1934- ca. 1941 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1956-1966 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1956-1967 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: ca. 1961- 1966 Subsequent Work
- Building/structure dates: 1963-1966 Subsequent Work
- National Register of Historic Places NRIS Number: 66000869
- Subjects:
- bas-reliefs
- basins
- emblems
- fountains
- sculpture
- stonework (granite)
- charity
- religious groups
- agriculture
- slavery
- elevations
- elevations
- floor plans
- photographs (photocopies)
- watercolors (photocopies)
- archaeology
- historic sites
- military organizations
- historic buildings
- leisure
- sports
- benches
- Presidents & the Congress
- plazas
- granite
- African Americans
- landscaping plans
- landscaping plans
- barracks
- clubhouses
- country houses
- estates
- schools
- national parks & reserves
- hospitals
- Friends meeting houses
- plantations
- mansions
- story
- picnic grounds
- resorts
- gardens
- orchards
- trees
- paths
- allées
- shrubs
- beds (site elements)
- vegetable gardens
- lawns
- grounds
- deciduous trees
- evergreens
- canopy trees
- understory trees
- planting drawings
- plant material lists
- footpaths
- pedestrian bridges
- trails & paths
- formal gardens
- slave quarters
- war (Civil War)
- gardeners
- woodlands
- forests
- woods
- memorials
- service roads
- boxwood gardens
- express highways
- rivers
- clubs (associations)
- New Deal
- architectural elements
- agricultural facilities
- marks (symbols)
- causeways
- location maps (photocopies)
- chronologies
- Sunday schools
- grandstands
- linden trees
- landscapes
- ecology
- forestry
- open spaces & site elements
- work camps
- plants
- grasses (plants)
- sites
- wilderness
- landscaping plans (photocopies)
- families
- woody plants
- nonwoody plants
- herbaceous plants
- biennials
- communal living
- pedestrian facilities
- landings (marine structures)
- Nature
- prints (photocopies)
- temporary structures
- oak trees
- hemlock trees
- plans (photocopies)
- paving brick
- bronzework
- bronze
- Civilian Conservation Corps
- restoration (process)
- mulberry trees
- natural phenomena
- landscape architecture drawings
- conjectural works
- design drawings
- contract drawings
- measured drawings
- architectural photographs
- photographs
- maps
- associations
- landscape paintings
- peach trees
- horticulture
- locust trees
- maps (photocopies)
- vistas
- views
- displacement
- botany
- figures (representations)
- walnut trees
- persimmon trees
- ash trees
- agricultural exhibits
- livestock
- livestock
- weeping willows
- tenant farming
- conjectural works (photocopies)
- shores (landforms)
- curvilinear paths
- buildings distinguished by topographical location
- views
- war (Spanish-American war)
- magnolia trees
- cherry trees
- epidemics
- naturalistic landscape architecture
- panoramic views
- native plantings
- ferns
- race relations
- race discrimination
- racism
- as-built drawings (photocopies)
- gambling
- vehicular bridges
- cedar trees
- pines
- birches
- deer
- rabbits
- schematic drawings
- peach orchards
- landscape architects
- architects
- hickory
- dogwood
- cedar
- villages
- military depots
- military training
- explosions
- explosives
- poplars
- maples
- explosives
- torpedoes
- water features
- sheep
- memorial landscapes
- National Forest Service
- relocation camps
- military facilities
- public works
- Place:
- Latitude/Longitude: 38.89729, -77.064124
- Collections:
- Part of: Historic American Landscapes Survey (Library of Congress)
- Bookmark This Record:
https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/dc1044/
The Library of Congress generally does not own rights to material in its collections and, therefore, cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material. For further rights information, see "Rights Information" below and the Rights and Restrictions Information page ( https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/rights.html ).
- Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html
- Reproduction Number: ---
- Call Number: HALS DC-12
- Medium:
Photo(s): 46
Measured Drawing(s): 14
Data Page(s): 200
Photo Caption Page(s): 3
If Digital Images Are Displaying
You can download online images yourself. Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through Library of Congress Duplication Services.
HABS/HAER/HALS materials have generally been scanned at high resolution that is suitable for most publication purposes (see Digitizing the Collection for further details about the digital images).
- Photographs--All photographs are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
- Make note of the Call Number and Item Number that appear under the photograph in the multiple-image display (e.g., HAER, NY,52-BRIG,4-2).
- If possible, include a printout of the photograph.
- Drawings--All drawings are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
- Make note of the Survey Number (e.g., HAER NY - 143) and Sheet Number (e.g., "Sheet 1 of 4"), which appear on the edge of the drawing. (NOTE: These numbers are visible in the Tiff "Reference Image" display.)
- If possible, include a printout of the drawing.
- Data Pages
- Make note of the Call Number in the catalog record.
If Digital Images Are Not Displaying
In the rare case that a digital image for HABS/HAER/HALS documentation is not displaying online, select images for reproduction through one of these methods:
- Visit the Prints & Photographs Reading Room and request to view the group (general information about service in the reading room is available at: http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/info/001_ref.html). It is best to contact reference staff in advance (see: http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/address.html) to make sure the material is on site. OR
- P&P reading room staff can provide up to 15 quick copies of items per calendar year (many original items in the holdings are too old or fragile to make such copies, but generally HABS/HAER/HALS materials are in good enough condition to be placed on photocopy machines). For assistance, see our Ask a Librarian page OR
- Hire a freelance researcher to do further selection for you (a list of researchers in available at: http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/resource/013_pic.html).
- You can purchase copies of various types, including quick copies, through Library of Congress Duplication Services (price lists, contact information, and order forms for Library of Congress Duplication Services are available on the Duplication Services Web site):
- Make note of the Call Number listed above.
- Look at the Medium field above. If it lists more than one item:
- The entire group can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.
- All the items in a particular medium (e.g., all drawings, all photographs) can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.
- Call Number: HALS DC-12
- Medium:
Photo(s): 46
Measured Drawing(s): 14
Data Page(s): 200
Photo Caption Page(s): 3
Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm.
-
Is the item digitized? (A thumbnail (small) image will
be visible on the left.)
-
Yes, the item is digitized. Please use the digital image in preference to requesting the original. All images can be viewed at a large size when you are in any reading room at the Library of Congress. In some cases, only thumbnail (small) images are available when you are outside the Library of Congress because the item is rights restricted or has not been evaluated for rights restrictions.
As a preservation measure, we generally do not serve an original item when a digital image is available. If you have a compelling reason to see the original, consult with a reference librarian. (Sometimes, the original is simply too fragile to serve. For example, glass and film photographic negatives are particularly subject to damage. They are also easier to see online where they are presented as positive images.)
-
No, the item is not digitized. Please go to #2.
-
-
Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that
a non-digital surrogate exists, such as microfilm or copy prints?
-
Yes, another surrogate exists. Reference staff can direct you to this surrogate.
-
No, another surrogate does not exist. Please go to #3.
-
-
If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. Reference staff can advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served.
To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3.