Sustainability of Digital Formats: Planning for Library of Congress Collections
Sustainability of Digital Formats: Planning for Library of Congress Collections |
|
|
|
| Introduction | Sustainability Factors | Content Categories | Format Descriptions | Contact | |
| Full name | EndNote Library Format |
|---|---|
| Description |
The EndNote Library file format (with the extension .enl and sometimes also known as EndNote Citation Library File Format) is a proprietary format utilized by the EndNote reference management software application. It is primarily designed for organizing bibliographies and references in academic texts and reports. From Version 8 forward, users can restore EndNote libraries by saving both the library file (ENL) and its corresponding .Data folder which defines the library data structure. Starting with EndNote X9, it is required that both the ENL library file and the Data folder are stored together in the same location for the library to function correctly. Previous versions did not have a Data folder as all content was stored within the ENL file. |
| Production phase | Used during production. Could be used to move an EndNote library from one computer to another. Could be used as a backup along with the Data folder. |
| Relationship to other formats | |
| Affinity to | EndNote Style File (ENS). This file is used to associate a specific citation style to an EndNote Library. They are stored in a /Styles folder. |
| Affinity to | EndNote Connection File (ENZ). This file is used to manage connections in an EndNote Library. They are stored in a /Connections folder. |
| Affinity to | Reference Manager files (RIS) are a neutral citation manager format that EndNote software can save/export citations. |
| LC experience or existing holdings | The Library of Congress has ENL files in its collections, especially in personal papers in the Manuscript Division. |
|---|---|
| LC preference | The Library of Congress has not yet expressed any format preference for citation formats. See the Recommended Formats Statement for preferences for textual works in general. |
| Disclosure | Proprietary file format with little or no public documentation. |
|---|---|
| Documentation | Very little. Documentation is sparse, mostly limited to Clarivate's Knowledge Base and resources made by librarians and others. No official documentation about the file format. Comments welcome. |
| Adoption | Adopted for use in the EndNote application. Not used for any other purpose or application. |
| Licensing and patents | Unknown. Closed-source and commercial software. Comments welcome. |
| Transparency | ENL files are not transparent, since data values are stored in binary form. |
| Self-documentation | Poor. No embedded metadata in file headers. Comments welcome. |
| External dependencies | For use only with a corresponding version of EndNote. |
| Technical protection considerations | Unknown. Comments welcome. |
| Dataset | |
|---|---|
| Normal functionality |
ENL files are used exclusively in the EndNote software. ENL data structure changed between versions of EndNote. See Notes-General for more. |
| Support for software interfaces (APIs, etc.) |
ENL files are used in the EndNote software application. |
| Data documentation (quality, provenance, etc.) | Documentation is very limited. Some documentation can be found on the Clarivate Knowledge Base. |
| Beyond normal functionality | None. |
| Tag | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Filename extension | enl |
See https://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html. |
| Filename extension | enlx |
Compressed version. See PRONOM formats EndNote Compressed Library 20 and EndNote Compressed Library X - X9. |
| Filename extension | enlp |
Packaged version of the .enl file and .data folder combined as one file created for the purpose of moving an EndNote library from one computer to another. |
| Internet Media Type | application/x-endnote-library |
See http://help.dottoro.com/lapuadlp.php. Not registered with IANA. |
| Internet Media Type | application/x-endnote-refer |
Alias for application/x-endnote-library. See http://help.dottoro.com/lapuadlp.php. Not registered with IANA. |
| Magic numbers | Hex: 40 40 40 20 00 00 40 40
40 40 ASCII: @@@ @@@@ |
From Gary Kessler/GCK's File Signatures Table. No version information. |
| Magic numbers | (01|03){2}[00:0F]{4}FF{0-1}3F{1}00{1}00{1}00 |
PRONOM has rudimentary signatures for EndNote Library v1-9 https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/fmt/325 but no information for EndNote Library X - X9 (https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/fmt/1682). |
| Magic numbers | Hex: 53514C69746520666F726D6174203300 ASCII: SQLite format 3 |
Absolute BOF. EndNote Library format 20. See https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/fmt/1684. Version 20 of the application was altered from previous ZIP container format to SQL Lite database type of format. |
| Other | n2009006969 |
Library of Congress Authority ID. See https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2009006969.html. |
| Other | 185662386 |
Virtual International Authority File. See http://viaf.org/viaf/185662386. |
| Other | 1781406 |
FAST Linked Data. See https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1781406/. |
| Pronom PUID | fmt/325 |
EndNote Library format 1-9. See https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/fmt/325. |
| Pronom PUID | fmt/1684 |
EndNote Library format 20. See https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/fmt/1684. |
| Pronom PUID | fmt/1682 |
EndNote Library format X - X9. See https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/fmt/1682. |
| Pronom PUID | fmt/1685 |
Compressed version with enlx extension. EndNote Library format 20. See https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/fmt/1685. |
| Pronom PUID | fmt/1683 |
Compressed version with enlx extension. EndNote Library format - X9. See https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/fmt/325. |
| Wikidata Title ID | Q61887390 |
EndNote Library format 1-9. See https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61887390. |
| Wikidata Title ID | Q113438108 |
EndNote Library X - X9. See https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113438108. |
| Wikidata Title ID | Q113438957 |
EndNote Library 20. See https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113438957. |
| General |
Version History and Corresponding File Types
Backward Compatibility There are some backward compatibility issues with EndNote 8. Version X9.3 introduced a database engine to EndNote. EndNote X9.3 and later are not backwards compatible. Prohibition on Reverse Engineering The EndNote software license prohibits reverse engineering of the software or any formats. This claim was not upheld in a 2008 lawsuit against the Commonwealth of Virginia. |
|---|---|
| History |
The EndNote Library File Format is generated and utilized exclusively by the EndNote reference management software application. Niles & Associates for Apple Macintosh introduced EndNote version 1 in 1989 focusing on citation management and bibliography creation. Version 1 was initially focused on inserting citations into documents. Version 2, released in 1995, evolved into a dual-purpose program that functioned both as a database manager and a bibliography creator. In 2000 EndNote was acquired by the Institute for Scientific Information's Research Soft Division, part of Thomson Corporation. In 2016 EndNote was transferred to Clarivate, a spin-off company of the Thomson Corporation. See the PRONOM entry for EndNote Library 1-9 for a more detailed history. |
|
|