Syria : a country study

Image 1 of Syria : a country study area handbook series Syria a country study

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 2 of Syria : a country study

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 3 of Syria : a country study

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 4 of Syria : a country study

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 5 of Syria : a country study Syria a country study Federal Research Division Library of Congress Edited by Thomas Collelo Research Completed April 1987

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 6 of Syria : a country study On the cover Ivory head of a prince from Ugarit ca 14th century BC Third Edition 1988 First Printing 1988 Copyright 1988 United States Government as represented by the Secretary of the...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 7 of Syria : a country study Foreword This volume is one in a continuing series of books now being prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Con gress under the Country Studies Area Handbook Program...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 8 of Syria : a country study

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 9 of Syria : a country study Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of the fol lowing individuals who wrote the 1978 edition of Syria A Country Study Larraine Newhouse Carter Historical Setting Richard F Nyrop The...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 10 of Syria : a country study

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 11 of Syria : a country study Contents Page Foreword ill Acknowledgments v Preface xi Country Profile xiii Introduction xix Chapter 1 Historical Setting l Afaf Sabeh McGowan ANCIENT SYRIA 4 MUSLIM EMPIRES 9 Umayyad Caliphate 10 Succeeding Caliphates...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 12 of Syria : a country study STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY 70 Towns 74 Villages 76 Tribes 78 THE INDIVIDUAL THE FAMILY AND THE SEXES 80 RELIGIOUS LIFE 84 Muslims 87 Alawis 96 Druzes 97 Christians 98 Other Minorities 100...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 13 of Syria : a country study Chapter 4 Government and Politics 183 Robert Scott Mason CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 187 GOVERNMENT 188 The President and the Cabinet 188 The People s Council 191 The Judiciary 191 Local Administration 192 POLITICAL...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 14 of Syria : a country study THE REGULAR ARMED FORCES 257 Size Equipment Command Structure and Organization 257 Manpower Recruitment and Conscription 260 Military Training 261 Conditions of Service Morale and Military Justice 262 Uniforms and Rank Insignia...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 15 of Syria : a country study Preface Like its predecessor this study is an attempt to treat in a con cise and objective manner the dominant social political economic and military aspects of contemporary Syrian society Sources of...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 16 of Syria : a country study

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 17 of Syria : a country study Country Profile 1 CL J Philadelphia J v n Washington H ly r lesion jf 2 Country Formal Name Syrian Arab Republic Short Form Syria Term for Citizens Syrians Capital Damascus Geography...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 18 of Syria : a country study Education Nearly full enrollment in compulsory tuitionfree public schools at primary level School system consists of six years of primary three years of lower secondary and three years of upper secondary education...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 19 of Syria : a country study at Dayr az Zawr in mid1980s gives hope for economic recovery in 1990s New emphasis on phosphate production in mid1980s Industry based on chemicals cement food processing and tex tiles Most largescale...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 20 of Syria : a country study Communications Good domestic and international telecommu nications service Government and Politics Government Governmental system based on Permanent Con stitution of March 13 1973 Theoretically power divided into executive legislative and judicial spheres...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 21 of Syria : a country study Combat Units and Major Equipment In 1985 army consisted of five armored divisions with one independent armored brigade three mechanized divisions one infantryspecial forces division and ten airbornespecial forces independent brigades weapons...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 22 of Syria : a country study Figure 1 Administrative Divisions xvin

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 23 of Syria : a country study Introduction FROM INDEPENDENCE in 1946 through the late 1960s Syria stood out as a particularly unstable country in a geographic region noted for political instability Illegal seizures of power seemed to be...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 24 of Syria : a country study the Ottoman Turks then after World War I the French and more recently the Israelis shaped the contours of the nation breaking off chunks of what was Greater Syria and repositioning borders...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 25 of Syria : a country study Assad Era ch 1 Ethnic and Religious Opposition Movements ch 5 Other violent stresses on internal stability occurred later in 1982 In June Israel invaded Lebanon with the stated aim of driving...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 26 of Syria : a country study Furthermore the fledgling oil industry was retarded by the world wide slump in petroleum prices and by Syria s own decision to cease pipeline transportation of Iraqi oil thus surrendering lucrative tran...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 27 of Syria : a country study Some scholars call Syria a nation of contradictions with good reason Certainly these are inconsistencies in Syria s regional and international politics see Foreign Policy ch 4 In spite of the pan...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 28 of Syria : a country study resilient in the face of difficult circumstances And even though its international image was tarnished because of its association with terrorism that too was improving as a result of Syria s crack...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 29 of Syria : a country study Chapter 1 Historical Setting

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 30 of Syria : a country study Fragment of relief plaque ca 2500 BC Tall Ham

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 31 of Syria : a country study PRESENTDAY SYRIA constitutes only a small portion of the ancient geographical Syria Until the twentieth century when Western powers began to carve out the rough contours of the con temporary states of...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 32 of Syria : a country study A Country Study The advent of Arab Muslim rule in AD 635 provided the two major themes of Syrian history the Islamic religion and the world community of Arabs According to traditionalist...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 33 of Syria : a country study Historical Setting Figure 2 Ancient Syria which was also negotiating with Egypt for exportation of timber and the resin necessary for mummification An enormous commercial network linking Anatolia Mesopota mia Egypt the...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 34 of Syria : a country study Syria A Country Study was Akkad in southern Mesopotamia which flourished about 2300 BC In addition to identifying another great cultural and politi cal power for the period and an independent Syrian...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 35 of Syria : a country study Historical Setting millennium The Phoenicians introduced their thirtyletter alphabet to the Aramaeans among other Semiticspeaking people and to the Greeks who added letters for vowels not used in the Semitic languages The...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 36 of Syria : a country study A Country Study Seleucus named many cities after his mother Laodicea the greatest became Latakia a major Syrian port Enormous numbers of Greek immigrants flocked to the King dom of Syria Syrian...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 37 of Syria : a country study Roman ruins at Palmyra Courtesy Embassy of Syria Greek Orthodoxy on the Syrian inhabitants but were unsuccess ful Beset by financial problems largely as a result of their costly campaigns against the...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 38 of Syria : a country study Syria A Country Study Damascus The word sham derives from the Arabic word for dig nity indicating the high regard most Arabs have had for Damas cus Arabs including Syrians have referred...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 39 of Syria : a country study Historical Setting caliphate s first navy He also conceived and established an effi cient government including a comptroller of finance and a postal system Muawiyah cultivated the goodwill of Christian Syrians by...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Image 40 of Syria : a country study A Country Study forces originated in Khorasan in northeast Iran had conquered the Umayyads and established the caliphate in Baghdad As a result Syria became a province of an empire Abbasid rule...

Contributor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division - Collelo, Thomas
Date: 1988-01-01

Book/Printed Material Syria : a country study