Book/Printed Material The physics of sound in the sea.

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  • Image 1 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     en 8 Aa heen Oe Sa See OO pee Piea bine Sal poe py pepe e te pepe ribeas Sota tpg tiSee bees beet esis ttet Peeper sah Lette ee TeeTessy eer…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 2 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     Ki Rot Che Retum Jo Retum 19 i e r bo SCENE wer poe elreg 01 i yay
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 3 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     aS ah 2 Ph PB 1202 prt BAe Fe 207 Be OTs se Return To a ary of Congress a Y DIVISION fetum To SOU AND TECiC2LOGY ONVSHML Library of Gongress
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 4 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 5 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     SUMMARY TECHNICAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH COMMITTEE
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 6 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     Manuscript and illustrations for this volume were prepared for publication by the Summary Reports Groups of the Columbia University Division of War Research under contract OEMsr1131 with the Office of Scientific Research…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 7 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     SUMMARY TECHNICAL REPORT OF DIVISION 6 NDRC VOLUME 8 THE PHYSICS OF SOUND IN THE SEA OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT VANNEVAR BUSH DIRECTOR NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH COMMITTEE JAMES B CONANT…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 8 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH COMMITTEE James B Conant Chairman Richard C Tolman Roger Adams Frank B Jewett Karl T Compton Vice Chairman Army Representative Navy Representative Commissioner of Patents Irvin Stewart Executive Secretary…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 9 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     NDRC FOREWORD AS EVENTS of the years preceding 1940 revealed more and more clearly the seriousness of the world situation many scientists in this country came to realize the need of organizing…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 10 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 11 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     FOREWORD HIS VOLUME together with Volumes 6 7 and 9 T summarizes four years of research on underwater sound phenomena The purpose of this research was to provide a firmer foundation for…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 12 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     vill the design and operation of Navy sonar equip ment Only a few of the scientists and others contribut ing to thiswar effort can be named MrC0OD Iselin Director of the Woods…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 13 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     PREFACE I THE COURSE Of prosubmarine and antisubmarine research carried out during World War II a large amount of information was obtained on the propaga tion of underwater sound Much of this…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 14 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     xX PREFACE been scattered back to the vicinity of the original sound source Part III deals with the echoes returned from submarines and surface vessels Part IV dis cusses the transmission of…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 15 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     CONTENTS CHAPTER w a We ee CS erie teq UI 12 13 14 15 16 17 PAL Teer TRANSMISSION Introduction by P G Bergmann and L Spitzer Jr Wave Acoustics by P…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 16 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     CONTENTS CHAPTER 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 PARIaTii REFLECTION OF SOUND FROM SUBMARINES AND SURFACE VESSELS Introduction Principles Theory Direct Measurement Techniques Indirect Measurement Techniques Submarine Target Strengths Surface…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 17 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     PART I TRANSMISSION
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 18 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 19 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 11 IMPORTANCE OF TRANSMISSION STUDIES Shee SOUND WAVES are transmitted through water very much more readily than radio and light waves the use of underwater sound has become a…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 20 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     4 INTRODUCTION through them and reduce the maximum range on a deep submarine to much less than the maximum range on the same submarine at periscope depth The maximum range at which…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 21 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     NATURE OF SOUND 5 which was communicated to the air as acoustic energy The foregoing example illustrates the general proc ess by which sound is generated and detected A source of sound…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 22 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     6 INTRODUCTION i eee eee that the sound pulse had to travel around the cor ner to reach the microphone In that case sound energy is obviously deflected around the obstruction and…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 23 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     PROPAGATION OF SOUND IN THE SEA 7 temperature change the sound paths are bent in the direction of lower velocity of propagation in other words in the direction of lower temperature Even…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 24 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     Chapter 2 WAVE ACOUSTICS hae ENERGY takes the form of disturbances of the pressure and density of some medium There fore the basic relationships between impressed forces and resulting changes in pressure…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 25 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     BASIC EQUATIONS The mass of fluid entering the face AHED in unit time is clearly the rate at which mass is moving in the x direction times the area of AHED or…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 26 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     10 WAVE ACOUSTICS From equations 3 and 5 p p1o 6 v w1 7 Since the masses at equilibrium and at time are equal pv povo 8 By combining equations 6 7…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 27 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     BASIC EQUATIONS 11 Before the equations of motion 15 can be used expressions must be derived for the force components fz fy fz acting on the small box of Figure 2 Accord…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 28 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     12 WAVE ACOUSTICS causes the fluid to deviate so slightly from its state of equilibrium that the change in pressure is propor tional to the fractional change in density Second it is…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 29 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     WAVE EQUATION IN A PERFECT FLUID 13 It can be shown that the velocity components UzUyUz also satisfy a differential equation of the form of 23 provided the motion of the disturbed…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 30 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     14 WAVE ACOUSTICS density and other properties suffer a sharp change at the separating surface However the mathematical treatment of a medium with strongly variable physi cal properties is still more difficult…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 31 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     SIMPLE TYPES OF SOUND WAVES 15 negative x direction If however an expression of the form 31 is the function describing the given physical situation the situation is more complicated The re…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 32 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     WATER TEMPERATURE WAVE CORRECTION IN FEET PER SEC aS fe 10 100 200 300 400 500 DEPTH IN FEET LVL i LL HH aes S23 Fsbo pp HH vi JUL Ly IN…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 33 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     SIMPLE TYPES OF SOUND WAVES iby shallow depths the pressure changes are relatively unimportant and salinity changes in the open ocean are usually too small to matter much Near the mouths of…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 34 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     18 WAVE ACOUSTICS turbance The quantity is called the phase constant because it fixes the position of the disturbance in time Two vibrations of the same frequency and the same have their…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 35 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES 19 mates a point source at the origin the following solution is obtained Ar e e c P c p7t a sat 0 ee 41 Physically we can…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 36 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     20 WAVE ACOUSTICS Equation 47a can also be shown to hold good for the wave moving in the positive direction if the initial conditions are for the space interval 0 x 2…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 37 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES 21 because of equation 18 By adding equations 49 and 50 we obtain Povou HIG we 3d 9 Ox jie 51 By dividing equation 51 by the volume…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 38 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     Be WAVE ACOUSTICS We can calculate F by means of equation 58 Since a sphere of radius r has the area 477 the total energy crossing such a spherical surface per unit…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 39 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES 23 a I ee Ee aged ee ED I SL a placement D and that the numerical value of this actual displacement is the real part of the…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946
  • Image 40 of The physics of sound in the sea.
    Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee     24 WAVE ACOUSTICS DIRECTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS So far we have been mainly concerned with the simple point source which gives rise to a spherically symmetric disturbance in the immediate vicinity of the source…
    • Contributor: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee
    • Date: 1946

About this Item

Title

  • The physics of sound in the sea.

Other Title

  • Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee

Names

  • United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development. National Defense Research Committee, issuing body.

Created / Published

  • Washington, D.C. : Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee, Division 6, 1946.

Headings

  • -  Underwater acoustics
  • -  Naval research--United States

Notes

  • -  Title on half-title page: Summary technical report of the National Defense Research Committee.
  • -  "Manuscript and illustrations for this volume were prepared for publication by the Summary Reports Group of the Columbia University Division of War Research under contract OEMsr-1131 with the Office of Scientific Research and Development. This volume was printed and bound by the Columbia University Press"--Unnumbered page ii.
  • -  LC Science, Business & Technology copy no. 6.
  • -  In a set of declassified documents held as a collection by the Library of Congress.
  • -  Includes bibliographical references (pages 547-556) and index.
  • -  Also available in digital form.

Medium

  • xii, 566 pages, 1 unnumbered folded leaf of plates : illustrations ; 27 cm.

Call Number/Physical Location

  • U393 .S7 Div. 6, v. 8 QC233

Library of Congress Control Number

  • 2015490953

Online Format

  • online text
  • image
  • pdf

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Chicago citation style:

United States Office Of Scientific Research And Development. National Defense Research Committee, Issuing Body. The Physics of Sound in the Sea. Washington, D.C.: Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee, Division 6, 1946. Pdf. https://www.loc.gov/item/2015490953/.

APA citation style:

United States Office Of Scientific Research And Development. National Defense Research Committee, I. B. (1946) The Physics of Sound in the Sea. Washington, D.C.: Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee, Division 6. [Pdf] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2015490953/.

MLA citation style:

United States Office Of Scientific Research And Development. National Defense Research Committee, Issuing Body. The Physics of Sound in the Sea. Washington, D.C.: Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee, Division 6, 1946. Pdf. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2015490953/>.