Book/Printed Material Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress
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Image 1 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress LAW LIBRARY OF CONGRESS REPORT TO CONGRESS FORCED LABOR IN THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA Taotai Hsia Chief Constance A Johnson Legal Research Analyst Wendy L Zeldin Legal Research Analyst Donald R...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 2 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress SUMMARY Since its founding the Peoples Republic of China has placed individuals into forced labor camps and factories There are a number of separate routes that lead to such placement some of...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 3 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress both ideological reform and humanitarian concerns Chinese writers from the late 1980s were quite open in denouncing past harsh treatment of inmates citing in particular the extremely high goals set for 1958...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 4 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress Dove from Zhejiang Province and other machines from the New Construction Company in Qingdao One of the major features of the labor reform system from its inception was the tendency to keep...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 5 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress Even after release and settlement the watchful attention of the local authorities is extended to help insure that there are not repeat offenders The record of behavior at the labor reform camp...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 6 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress encouraged The camps that are primarily agricultural units are encouraged to develop sideline industries The most important administrative unit of the institutions is a committee made up of personnel from public security...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 7 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress work at the camps The Measures were originally for internal government use only and reflect that fact in that the language is often very loose and contradictory In particular offenses are often...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 8 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress through laborintensive industries Presumably the production aspect of labor camps will become even more important For the sake of authenticity and accuracy the study is based entirely on material published by the...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 9 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress GENERAL INTRODUCTION The report that follows has been prepared almost exclusively on the basis of Chinese language publications of the Peoples Republic of China PRC with little reference to Western language sources...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 10 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 2 courts were viewed as the instruments of the peoples democratic dictatorship 1 During the last decade the rhetoric of class struggle lessened considerably but since June 1989 it has returned to...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 11 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 3 keep up the struggle against counterrevolutionaries and other criminal elements who commit serious crimes 4 In his report to the National Peoples Congress on March 29 1990 Ren upheld Party control...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 12 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 4 police the peoples procuratorate the peoples court and the judicial bureau worked together under the Party secretary in handling cases 7 That is criminal procedure 8 and the Chinese Constitutions guarantee...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 13 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 5 cases in a certain way or in favor of a certain party while a case is being adjudicated 10 Ironically in the fall of 1988 Ren Jianxin himself decried such practices...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 14 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress REFORM THROUGH LABOR Labor Reform Legislation Labor reform is the basic method of rehabilitation for convicts in the Peoples Republic covering everyone convicted of a crime and physically able to work It...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 15 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 7 sentences 3 3 The principal statutes governing labor reform are considered xingzheng fagui administrative regulations Among them are the 1954 Regulations Governing Labor Reform of the PRC promulgated by the Government...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 16 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 8 subsequent narrowing of the range of policy debate in China a number of jurists published articles arguing that a new national law on labor reform was needed The most basic criticism...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 17 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 9 status of the legal norm covering the regulation should be raised to that of a basic law enacted by the National Peoples Congress 11 Another criticism of the current regulations is...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 18 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 10 offenders but the Code states that those incarcerated there must be over 14 15 The new law one author suggested should follow these principles 1 The emphasis should be on reform...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 19 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 11 History of Labor Reform Policy From the beginning of the labor reform program under the Peoples Republic there has been an emphasis on creating material wealth for the state through the...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 20 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 12 On May 15 1951 this third National Public Security Conference adopted a document entitled Resolution on the Question of Organizing Convicts for Labor Reform It was pointed out The labor reform...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 21 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 13 administrative region province and prefectureto guarantee the correct implementation of production policy and of the financial plan and to solve the problems of investment raw materials product distribution product management auditing...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 22 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 14 On January 11 1953 the central government established a central labor reform production management committee chaired by Bo Yibo then a member of the Government Administration Council and ViceChairman of the...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 23 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 15 revolutionary humanitarianism The Conference adopted the policy of reform first production second and the principle of combining class struggle with humane treatment 29 This policy was frequently reenunciated in a variety...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 24 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 16 They were occupied by cultural revolution groups at first but in time more than 400 such camps were returned to the authorities The labor reform farms then owned 11840000 mu of...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 25 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 17 not be placed before reform but second does not mean secondary or unnecessary The mission of completing production is also important 38 Obviously although production is supposed to come second there...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 26 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 18 be developed Labor reform production enterprises were to start from nothing and build up through hard work frugality and selfsufficiency They should go from small to large from local to worldwide...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 27 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 19 reform units entering the international market 1 indirect export through export trading companies 2 direct export dealing with foreign businessmen and signing contracts or 3 doing processing work to refine or...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 28 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 20 enterprises ceased functioning some labor reform enterprises under extremely difficult conditions were able to supply urgently needed items After the 1976 overthrow of the gang of four the group of exteme...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 29 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 21 Yunnan the Gold Horse Diesel Machine Factory produced the Gold Horse brand diesel motor It was evaluated as a superior grade product in China got the state silver medal and also...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 30 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 22 control and educate the convicts and 2 production Labor reform units sign contracts just as other production enterprises do The production contract should list the value quantity and quality of the...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 31 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 23 more than 8 per day except in harvest season at present with a goal of moving toward 6 hours of work to allow more time for study Under any conditions convicts...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 32 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 24 2 Quality and quantity of work to meet target a Whether quality of work has met requirements b Whether the rate or percent of rejects has exceeded the quota c Whether...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 33 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 25 court Three small demerits are equivalent to one big demerit Continuously receiving demerits even without a new crime could result in being kept at the labor reform institution beyond the end...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 34 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 26 Settlement and Placement of Convicts Who Have Served Their Terms 69 These Measures provided the following options 1 Those who were relatively well reformed and had productive skills that were needed...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 35 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 27 reform If their family background was that of worker and they were considered enemies among the people rather than enemies of the people in principle they were allowed to return home...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 36 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 28 regular or juvenile crimes not counterrevolutionary ones 73 After the fall of the gang of four 1976 and especially after the Third Plenum of the Eleventh Party Congress 1978 Chinas basic...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 37 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 29 3 Labor reform and employment units should consider the specialty of intellectuals kept on beyond their terms and introduce them to other organs for consideration for employment If they are needed...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 38 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 30 reform and reeducation who escaped or committed crimes again Those who will be compelled to stay on under these provisions are those whose home is in a large or mediumsize city...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 39 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 31 workers and treated differently from those compelled to stay for employment 79 The technical personnel who stay on voluntarily will be treated as other personnel in state industries They will be...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990
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Image 40 of Forced labor in the People's Republic of China : report to Congress 32 important event for which they feel it is essential to return home then the police in the home place should issue a document to prove such an event is taking place...- Contributor: Johnson, Constance A. - Hsia, Tao-Tai - Deglopper, Donald R. (Donald Robert) - Zeldin, Wendy I. - Law Library of Congress (U.S.). Far Eastern Law Division
- Date: 1990