Photo, Print, Drawing Sinai. Ain Gedeirat, Kadesh Barnea. Num. 20:1 digital file from original

About this Item

About this Item

Title

  • Sinai. Ain Gedeirat, Kadesh Barnea. Num. 20:1

Names

  • Matson Photo Service, photographer

Created / Published

  • between 1950 and 1977.

Headings

  • -  Egypt--Sinai

Headings

  • Slides.

Genre

  • Slides

Notes

  • -  Title from: Matson color slides and filmstrips of Bible Lands ..., the Matson Photo Service.
  • -  Photograph taken from the central section of Wadi El Qusaima (El Qadeirat) in the vicinity of Ain El Qadeirat water spring, showing the terraced valley (and retaining walls) for water harvesting and orchard agriculture and the slopes of Gebel Khrasha in the background. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
  • -  The water springs of Muweilih, Qusaima, El Qadeirat and Qideis are located in the vicinity of Biblical Kadesh Barnea on the crossroad of the Nabatean Spice Route between Egypt and Arabia, Darb El Sherif (form El Shatt on the Gulf of Suez to El Qusaima) and Darb Ghaza to the west of the 1906 CE international boundary line between Sinai Peninsula (Egypt under the British Mandate) and the Negev Desert (Palestine under the Ottoman Empire). The latter three springs form the traditional region of Biblical Kadesh Barnea and are located on the eastern section of the Exodus Traditional Route, also known as the Way to the Hill-Country of the Amorites (or the Way to the Reed Sea) or the previously mentioned Darb Ghaza. Upper, Middle and Lower Paleolithic sites (38,000-22,000 BCE), Epi-Paleolithic (17,000-8,300 BCE), Late Neolithic (5,500-4,500 BCE), Bronze (2,925-? BCE), Iron (fortresses, 11th-6th centuries CE), Persian (5th-4th centuries CE), Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine (305 BCE-640 CE) and Nabatean (1st century CE) sites are scattered in the region in the valleys and plateaus surrounding the springs, namely from north to south: Wadi Wabsi, Wadi EL Sabha, Wadi El Qadeirat or El Qusaima, Wadi El Halufi, Wadi El 'Asli, Wadi Geisi, Wadi Umm Hashim, Wadi Bali'an and Wadi Qideis. 'Aazazma (? century CE) and Tarabien (16th century CE) tribes inhabit the region. El Qusaima (and El Kuntella in the south) acted as the administrative centres of east Sinai since 19th century CE. The first asphalt road along Darb El Sherif was constructed by the Egyptian Corps of Engineers in 1950-51 CE (and later extended to the east in 1956-58 CE). The construction of the Israeli settlement Kadesh Barnea was planned in 1977 CE during the occupation of Sinai Peninsula between 1967 and 1982 CE, and before the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979 CE . Terraced valleys are composed of consecutive terraces (Arabic: 'Agoum) built at right angle to the valley for water harvesting, with an average of 12-15m (rarely 40m) spacing and walls of 5-7 stone layers, average of 6-20m (rarely up to 40-50/200m) long, 2-2.5m thick and average of 60-80cm (rarely up to 1.8-2m) high. The elevation of the bottom of one dam and the tip of the next downstream are equivalent. The floodwater flows from one terrace to the next, trapping soil and water behind each to raise groundwater and moisture level in the soil (subsurface water), while allowing desert agriculture. Water reservoirs were introduced to store water in a later phase. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
  • -  On slide mount: Ain Gedeirat, Kadesh Barnea.
  • -  On slide mount: Copyright Matson Photo Service.
  • -  Color slide reproduced from black and white negative or print which was handcolored, and then photographed with color film.
  • -  Slide made from image taken earlier by either the American Colony Photo Department or the Matson Photo Service.
  • -  General information about the G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection is available at: https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.matpc
  • -  Gift; Episcopal Home; 1978.

Medium

  • 1 slide : color ; 2 x 2 in.

Call Number/Physical Location

  • LC-M305- SL15-3797 [P&P]

Source Collection

  • Matson photograph collection

Repository

Digital Id

Library of Congress Control Number

  • 2019705688

Reproduction Number

  • LC-DIG-matpc-23028 (digital file from original)

Rights Advisory

Online Format

  • image

Additional Metadata Formats

Rights & Access

The Library of Congress does not own rights to material in its collections. Therefore, it does not license or charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material.

Ultimately, it is the researcher's obligation to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain permission from third parties when necessary before publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections.

For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information

  • Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. For information see: "G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection," https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/res.258.mats
  • Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-matpc-23028 (digital file from original)
  • Call Number: LC-M305- SL15-3797 [P&P]
  • Access Advisory: ---

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Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Matson Photo Service, photographer. Sinai. Ain Gedeirat, Kadesh Barnea. Num. 20:1. Egypt Sinai, None. Between 1950 and 1977. Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2019705688/.

APA citation style:

Matson Photo Service, photographer. Sinai. Ain Gedeirat, Kadesh Barnea. Num. 20:1. Egypt Sinai, None. Between 1950 and 1977. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2019705688/.

MLA citation style:

Matson Photo Service, photographer. Sinai. Ain Gedeirat, Kadesh Barnea. Num. 20:1. Between 1950 and 1977. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2019705688/>.