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2A 22093 A Pale Blue Dot Tentative Table of Contents Introduction A Pale Blue Dot The Earth faom Lhe FiünLlma ef the Colar System A Universe Not Made for Us SpaceFindmcOat Is There Intelligent Life on Earth Are We Being Visited I It i f s W Pmpiil paptnrci Voyager at Titan r Mr ma I paptUre V A Micoicn to ari UiilCIiuwii WorfrchVoyager…
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I 4393atp Lets call the Introduction Wanderers and here is an introductory paragraph We were wanderers from the beginning We followed the herds in their annual migrations When there was a drought or an odd longterm chill in the summer air a premonition of an ice age we sought a better clime When we couldnt get on with the other members of our little…
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4393atp climate changes there will be vast numbers of environmental refugees Better conditions will always beckon and people will ebb and flow around the world But the lure of new places unknown undiscovered holding untold opportunities has faded The Earth is all explored There seems to be nowhere else to go Except Maybe its a little early Maybe the time is not yet But…
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2B 22093 Introduction My grandfather was a beast of burdenj and I have been to Moptune iGort ofij Early in this century Leib Gruber lived in a small town in the vast AustroHungarian Empire in Central Europe His father sold fish when he could But times were often hard As a young man the only honest work available to Leib was carrying people on…
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fl983_ foreword to The Planets pli Un ViJiirr Hinnmrnrnrl haf orory ppg rf 1hgffl 1g Mfrd Mot is closely similar tu Llie EaiLhWehavefeud__ tiTmnn_ fvhhnr pinnahe and înnnnr hhrinanrlQ nf aslprniHc agj___ Since the advent of successful interplanetary flight in 1962 we have flown by orbited or landed on more than forty new worlds We have discovered vast volcanic eminences that dwarf the highest…
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Introduction 2B 22093 2 lofty skyscrapers and endless hubbub of his new land We know nothing of his crossing but have found the record of the voyage made a few years later by his wife Chaiya finally rejoining Leib after he had saved up enough money for her passage She traveled in the cheapest class on the Batavia a passenger ship of Hamburg registry…
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Introduction 2B 22093 Every one of these worlds is lovely and instructive But so far as we know they are also desolate and lifeless During the Viking mission to Mars beginning in July 1976 in a certain sense I spent a year on that planet I lovingly examined the boulders and sand dunes the reddish sky the ancient river valleys the soaring volcanic eminences…
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Introduction 2B 22093 indeed to whom they were closely related In my time weve crossed the Solar System and sent four ships to the stars Neptune lies a million times farther from Earth than New York is from the banks of the Bug But there are no distant relatives no humans and apparently no life at all waiting for my generation on those other…
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Introduction 2B 22093 agriculture contraception advances in transportation and communications devastating new weapons of war inadvertent side effects of industry and disquieting challenges to longheld world views science and technology have dramatically changed our lives Many of us are huffing and puffing to keep up sometimes only slowly grasping the implications of the new developments In the ancient human tradition young people grasp change…
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Introduction 2B 22093 because we can think We are privileged to influence and perhaps control our future I believe we have an obligation to fight for life on Earth not just for ourselves but for all those humans and others who cane before us and to whom we are beholden and for all those who if we are wise enough will come after There…
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2B 22093 A Pale Blue Dot The spacecraft was a long way from home beyond the orbit of the outermost planet and high above the ecliptic an imaginary plane which we can think of as something like a racetrack in which the orbits of the planets are confined The ship was speeding away from the Sun at 40000 miles per hour But in early…
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A Pale Blue Dot 2B 22093 different trajectory within the ecliptic plane and so she was able to perform her celebrated explorations of Uranus and Neptune The two Voyager robots have explored four planets and nearly 60 moons They have opened up most of the planetary part of the Solar System to the human species They were produced on time on budget and far…
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A Pale Blue Dot 2B 22093 large globe While almost everyone understands that the Earth is a sphere all of us somehow glued to it by gravity the reality of this circumstance did not really dawn until the famous frame filling Apollo photographs of the whole Earth the one taken by the Apollo 17 crew on the last journey of humans to the Moon…
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A Pale Blue Dot 2B 22093 further awakening ourselves to our true circumstances Many in NASAs Voyager Project were supportive But did we want to take a picture so close to the Sun as to risk burning out the spacecrafts video system Wouldnt it be better to delay until all the scientific images from Uranus and Neptune if the spacecraft lasted that long were…
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A Pale Blue Dot 2B 22093 of the motion of the spacecraft these planets are so dim that to record their presence required long exposures This Is what the planets would look like to an alien spaceship entering the Solar System after a long interstellar voyage Because of the way that sunlight is scattered off the spacecraft the Earth seems to be sitting in…
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A Pale Blue Dot 2B 22093 certain Neptune for instance is blue but for a wholly different reason From this distant vantage point the Earth might not even to a very advanced alien being seem of particular interest But for us its different Look at this pale blue dot Thats here Thats home Thats us On that dot everyone you love everyone you know…
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A Pale Blue Dot 2B 22093 The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life There is nowhere else at least in the near future to which our species could migrate It is a lovely fragile finite little planet But its importance lies only I think in what we make of it It has been said that astronomy is a humbling…
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ksAhèsî A Universe Not Made for Us lUiyeeíoíáiafbsíBs Epigraph from beginning of Dover Beach It almost never feels like prejudice Rather it seems fitting and just the idea that because of an accident of birth our group whichever one it is has an otherwise unmerited central position in the social universe Among Pharaonic princelings and Plantagenet pretenders children of robber barons and Central Committee…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2Bf 22093 dishearteningly many cases that we are not Our ancestors lived outofdoors They were as familiar with the night sky as most of us are with our favorite television programs The Sun the Noon the stars and the planets all rose in the east and set in the west traversing the sky overhead in the process The…
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HA Universe Not Made for üs 2B 22093 This satisfying demonstration of our selfimportance buttressed by daily observations of the heavens made the geocentrist conceit a transcultural truth taught in the schools built into the language part and parcel of great literature and sacred scripture Dissenters were discouraged sometimes with torture and death It is no wonder that for the vast bulk of human…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 4 observations and what we secretly hoped would be true We tend not to be especially critical when presented with evidence that seems to affirm our prejudices Beginning with Copernicus in the middle fifteenth century the issue was formally joined The idea of the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the Universe was…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 Aw Tm krindf ftemmaü Once most scientists were convinced informed public opinion swiftly changed 14if Mm iririia who earlier had threatenedthe agedgaTiieowitn rortureif he persisted in teaching the abominable doctrine that the Earth movedmfthere were still some who resisted who tried to prevent the new suncentered Universe from becoming known Every other proposal and there have…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 Well it was then widely held even if the Earth isnt at the center of the Universe the Sun is The Sun is our Sun The Earth is approximately at the center of the Universe In this way some of our pride could be saved But by the nineteenth century observational astronomy had made clear that…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 other stars has planets Because planets are small and dont shine by their own light theyre hard to find even around the nearest star Alpha Centauri There was once a popular view that our solar system was formed by the near collision of the ancient Sun with another star the gravitational tidal interaction pulling out tendrils…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 220931 8 the great classical physicists believed that the velocity of the Earth in space constituted a privileged frame of reference Thats actually what it was called Albert Einstein considered this attitude a remnant of an increasingly discredited Earth chauvinism It seemed to him that the laws of Nature must be the same no matter what the…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 In each age the chauvinist predispositions are challenged in yet another arena of scientific debate in this century for example in attempts to understand the nature of human sexuality the existence of the unconscious mind and the fact that many psychiatric illnesses and character defects may have a molecular origin But let me skip over these…
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A Universe Not Made for UsM 2B 22093 10 long sequence of failed chauvinisms I would guess that the Universe is filled with beings far more intelligent far more advanced than we are But this is at best a plausibility argument not a scientific demonstration The question is among the most fascinating in all of modern science Perhaps the clearest indication that the search…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 11 Rootatc In this way although in a more sophisticated form the ancient doctrine that the Universe was made for us is resuscitated To me it sounds like playing one hand of bridge winning the game knowing that there are _______ fill in number possible other hands that I was equally likely to have been dealt…
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A universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 4 c thoroughly incompatible with the proposition that the huifiarH v species is at cosmic center stage Instead the debates have been settled decisively in favor of a position thajc however painful can be summarized in a single sentence There is nothing special about us y4 Smt fSn Af SSi 4U SXy S A No matter…
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32393atl An insert into A Pale Blue Dot 4FootnoteH The International Astronomical Union has recommended that the definite article be excised in all names of celestial bodies thus Sun Earth and Moon instead of the Sun the Earth and the Moon Presumably we should describe the Milky Way as Galaxy instead of the Galaxy The intent is admirable a real attempt to break loose…
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32393atl Insert C for A Pale Blue Dot chapter also for the Gifford Lectures To its credit although rather belatedly the Roman Catholic Church has invalidated its 1633 condemnation of Galileo for advocating that the Earth goes around the Sun Unfortunately s the Church still cannot quite bring itself to acknowledge thaL it rmrlp a ffriis mistad and fiFit it hrH n righ mafrlnj…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 13 Earth It may very well be then that more than four and a half centuries after Copernicus most people on Earth still think that our planet sits immobile at the center of the Universe We talk about the world as if our planet were the only one and the Sun and the Moon Maybe its…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 14 its okay to slaughter them Nonhuman intelligence both on Earth and elsewhere is another battlegroundon which th anthropocentric conceit is being tested These chauvinisms have practical 9 9f w i fW t it The Earthis a tiny meadow in a vast bíaote empty wasteland rIf incteed we imagined éferhe center of the Universe and ourselves…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 15 know that Whatever twists and turns along the way it will all work out Theres a Deus ex machina waiting in the wings But if we are peripheral and insignificant it is even more important to know that If in error we believed that the world was made for us we night be much more…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 16 feelings are not entirely under our own control There may be much smarter and very different beings elsewhere And on top of all this were making a mess of our planet Many of us wish this bill of particulars were otherwise It weighs on us It has a train of implications It undermines human confidence…
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A Universe Not Made for UsM 2B 22093 17 Most of these debates were entered into with no thought for their practical implications Passionate and curious humans wish to understand their actual circumstances how unique or pedestrian they and their world are their ultimate origins and destinies Surprisingly some of these debates have yielded the most profound practical results The very method of mathematical…
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32393atl Aninseit into A Paie BlueDot Every time it is suggested that humans nave a biological propensity for certain behavior dominance ethnocentrism xenophobia rape the objection is heard that this is a justification for tyranny and ethnic hatred and sexual violence Of course the cultural and social environment plays an enormous fiiiii role encouraging some propone it ies and discouraging others But predisposition does…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 18 thanks each day to God that they were not born women one race characterizing another as apes or devils nations making fun of one anothers customs and languages one ethnic group ready to make any sacrifice to visit vengeance on another in feuds and vendettas that trace back to the dawn of recorded history The…
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A Universe Not Made for Us 2B 22093 19 preconceptions But in our courageous pursuit of the unknown we may find a saving grace The hard truth seems to be this We live in an immense and ancient universe in which daily sons are made and worlds destroyed while humanity newly arrived clings to an obscure clod of rock and metal There is design…
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2 22093 IS THERE INTELLIGENT LIFE Off EARTH FROM THE ANNALS OF AN ALIEN LIFE DETECTION MISSION Italicized There are places in and around our great cities where the natural world has all but disappeared You can make out streets and sidewalks autos parking garages advertising signs monuments of glass and steel but not a tree or a blade of grass or any animal…
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MIs There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 long journey through the blackness of interstellar space You examine the planets of this humdrum star from afar a pretty handful some gray some blue some red some yellow Youre interested in what kinds of worlds these are whether their environments are changing and especially whether there is life and intelligence You have no prior knowledge…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 oceans of liquid water exist on none of the other worlds However when we look in the visible and nearinfrared spectrum for telltale signatures of chemical composition sure enough we find enough water vapor in the air to account for the clouds and just the amount that must exist because of evaporation if the oceans are…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth1 2 22093 When you examine the continents more closely you find there are crudely speaking two kinds of regions One shows the spectrum of ordinary sorts of rocks and minerals found on many worlds The other reveals something unusual a material covering vast areas that strongly absorbs red light This pigment is just the sort of thing needed…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 methane In fact you find one out of every million molecules is methane an immense discrepancy The only possible explanation is that methane is being injected into the Earths atmosphere so quickly that its chemical reaction with O2 cant keep pace What could the source of this methane be Maybe its left over from the early…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 seen oxygen and ozone the pigment of chlorophyll and far too much methane But your instruments are also finding signs not just of life but of high technology something that couldnt possibly have been detected a hundred million years ago You are detecting radio transmission from the Earth at just the frequencies where radio waves begin…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 obvious signs of life You observe a dense atmosphere in motion The abundant water must evaporate and then rain back down on the ground so there must be running water The ancient impact craters apparent on the Earths nearby Moon are almost wholly absent There must then be a set of processes whereby new land is…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 straight lines that connect the cities seem to be filled with beings a few meters in length that at night turn on two bright lights in front so they can see where theyre going The streets of the cities the roadways of the countryside are clearly built for the benefit of these beings Some Of them…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 Some of the lights though are not due to cities In North Africa and the Middle East there are very bright lights in the desert they are due to the burnoff of oil and natural gas wells In the Sea of Japan there is a strange triangularshaped area of light In daylight it corresponds to open…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 10 roadways But carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas As you watch the amount of it in the atmosphere increases steadily year after year The same is true of methane and other greenhouse gases If this keeps up the temperature of the planet is going to increase steeply Another class of molecules being injected into the…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 11 uncontrolled experiments on their planets climate Havent they noticed whats happening Are they oblivious to their fate Are they unable to work together on behalf of the environment that sustains all of them Perhaps you think its time to reassess the hypothesis that there is intelligent life on Earth Box A REAL SPACECRAFT LOOKS FOR…
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Is There Intelligent Life on Earth 2 22093 12 twice to be accelerated by the gravities of these planets otherwise there wasnt enough oomph to get it to where its going This permitted us for the first time to look systematically at the Earth from an alien perspective Galileo passed only 960 kilometers about 600 miles above the Earths surface Except for pictures showing…
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2B 22093 Are We Being Visited X Its still dark out Youre lying in bed fully awake but you discover youre utterly paralyzed You sense someone in the room You try to cry out But you cannot Several small gray beings less than four feet tall are standing at the foot of your bed Their heads are pearshaped and bald and large for their…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 Finally these cheerless gray emissaries usher you out of the spacecraft and ooze you back through the walls into your bed By the time youre able to move and talk theyre gone You may not remember the incident right away you night find some period of time unaccountably missing Because all of this seems so bizarre youre…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 for the whole planet would be more than a hundred million people This means an abduction every few seconds Its surprising that more of the neighbors havent noticed Whats going on here Could all these people be mistaken or lying or hallucinating the same or a very similar story When you talk with them most seem very…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 slither through vails are able to clone cells The preoccupation with reproduction in these accounts raises a warning flag especially considering the uneasy balance between sexual freedom and repression that has always characterized the human condition and the fact that we live in a time fraught with numerous ghastly accounts both true and false of childhood sexual…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 pick The phrase flying saucer was coined when I was in high school The newspapers were full of stories about ships from elsewhere in the skies of Earth It seemed pretty believable to me There were lots of other stars many of which presumably had planetary systems like ours Many stars were as old or older than…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 6 There were even reports about crashed flying saucers and little alien bodies in Air Fores freezers in the Southwest And yet not one adult I knew was preoccupied with UFOs I couldnt figure out why not Instead they were worried about Communist China and Soviet nuclear weapons I wondered if they had their priorities straight In…
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1975 29 Unidentified Flying Objects searchlights or headlights off clouds reflections of sunlight from shiny surfaces luminescent organisms including onecase of a fireflylodged between two adjacent panes of glass in an airplane cockpit window optical mirages andlooming lenticular cloud formations ball lightning sun doaj meteors including green fireballs planets especiallyyenus bright stars and the aurora borealis Radar detection ofunidentified flying objects has also occurred…
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r Broca II draft 1 81292 1975 29 unidentified Plying Objects in Encylopedia Americana New York Grolier Americana Annual New York Grolier Bull Atom Sci 23 6 1967 43 The Physics Reader Cambridge MA Harvard Project Physics 1968 Document 97818 House Committee on Science and Astronautics Washington US Government Printing Office 1968 The followinghate been transcribed from typescript labelled Text of article n press…
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rcn ÇVe or y Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 7 On so important a question the evidence must be airtight No witnesss sayso is good enough People make mistakes But essentially all the UFO cases were mere anecdotes something asserted There were hoaxes and faked photographes and the suspicion that the field attracted rogues and charlatansAnd there were very many cases in…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 8 directly and nearby rather than at best if were very lucky indirectly and at a great distance And we would at least be quite sure there vas something to study My mind I believe is open But in science the standards of evidence must be high employing the same levels of skepticism as in buying a…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 Over the years Ive continued to spend a little time on the UFO problem Ive found that the goingin attitude of many people is highly predetermined Some are convinced that eyewitness testimony is reliable that people do not lie that hallucinations on such a scale are impossible and that therefore there must be a longstanding highlevel government…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 10 more than an hour and the case is explained as a wing of strategic bombers from a nearby Air Force base on a training exercise Could the bombers take an hour to pass over the town No Did the bombers pass over the town at the time the UFOs were reported No Can you explain to…
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Are We Being Visited I 2Bf 22093 11 The early heyday of UFOs corresponds to the time when the main delivery vehicle for nuclear weapons was being switched from aircraft to missiles An early and important problem had to do with reentry the return through the bulk of the Earths atmosphere of a nucleararmed nosecone Observations of reentry could very well tell about US…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 12 southern approach This is of course information vital for a potential adversary It immediately suggests a spoof A few of the adversarys highperformance aircraft zoom out of the Caribbean into US airspace penetrating let us say 500 miles up the Mississippi River until the US air defense radar locks on Then the aircraft hightail it out…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 13 though its different The alleged conspiracy is to keep from us knowledge of a continuing alien assault on the human species If aliens really were abducting millions of us it would be much more than a matter of national security It would impact the security of all human beings in all countries Given such stakes is…
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Are We Being Visited I 2B 22093 14 On the other hand there are those who dismiss the Idea of alien visitation out of hand and with great passion claiming that its unscientific even to consider the matter A 1969 report by the National Academy of Sciences while recognizing that there are reports not easily explained concluded that the least likely explanation of UFOs…
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2C 22093 Are We Being Visited II The first alien abduction story in the modern genre began with Betty and Barney Hill a New Hampshire couple she a social worker and he a Post Office employee During a latenight drive in 1961 through the White Mountains of New Hampshire Betty spotted a bright starlike UFO that seemed to follow them Because Barney feared it…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 that isnt part of the original story The captain showed Betty a map of interstellar space with the ships routes marked Martin S Kottmeyer has shown that many of the motifs in the Hills account can be found in a 1953 motion picture Invaders from Mars Barneys account of what the aliens looked like especially their enormous…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 better word the encounter Simon while a leading proponent of the value of hypnosis had not been caught up in the enormous public interest in UFOs He shared the royalties of John Fullers bestseller Interrupted Journeyf on the Hills experience If Simon had pronounced their account authentic the sales of the book might have gone through the…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 occasionally retrieve a kind of lucid recollection of their voices Such hallucinations may occur to perfectly normal people under ordinary circumstances But there are circumstances in which they can be elicited by a campfire at night or under great stress or by prolonged fasting or sleeplessness or sensory deprivation or through hallucinogens such as LSD psilocybin mescaline…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 something like Oh thats not real thats just your imagination Other families may be impatient about fantasising it makes running the household and adjudicating disputes at least marginally more difficult Many children can be discouraged from fantasizing and grow up thinking its something shameful A few parents may not be very clear to the child about the…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 Theres a common although insufficiently wellknown psychological syndrome very much like alien abduction Many people have experienced sleep paralysis On falling asleep or when waking up just for a few seconds or maybe for longer periods you seem to be paralyzed and acutely anxious You may feel a weight on your chest your heartbeat is quick your…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 8 hypnotist may be unaware Baker and others suggest that some abduction claims are also made by fantasyprone individuals or hoaxers seeking fame and fortune There is also the insufficiently examined possibility that these accounts are disguised memories of rape and childhood sexual abuse Even if no known hallucinations were to fit the alien abduction pattern it…
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Are We Being visited II 2C 22093 Religion Prospect Heights IL Waveland Press 1989 originally published in 1968 by Macmillan pp 286 ff With this Bull Innocent initiated the systematic accusation torture and execution of countless witches all over Europe Despite the evenhanded members of both sexes in the language of the Bull as it turned out it was almost entirely women who were…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 10 impious purposes jealousy say or revenge or misogyny The more who under torture confessed to witchcraft the harder it was to maintain that the whole business was mainly fantasy And the Bible counseled Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live Legions of women were burnt alive In the Malleus Kramer and Sprenger declared that devils…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 21093 11 reported a vivid sexual encounter with an angel as did many other women who were sanctified by the Catholic Church In 1645 a Cornish teenager Anne Jeffries was found groggy crumpled on the floor Much later she recalled being attacked by halfadozen little men carried paralyzed to a castle in the air seduced and returned home…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 12 Sometimes the figure was an old woman sometimes it changed into an elephant Sometimes he was sure he was dreaming other times he was sure he was awake Pressed down into his bed he was immobilised and unable to move or cry out His heart was pounding He was short of breath Something similar happened on…
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Are We Being Visitad II 2C 22093 13 hallucinate gods when everyone knows about demons its incubi and succubi when fairies ara widely believed we see fairies and when the old myths fade and we begin thinking that alien beings are plausible then thats where our hypnogogic imagery tends Snatches of song or foreign languages images and stories that we witnessed in our childhood…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 14 In other countries birdheaded insectheaded robot and blond and blueeyed aliens are reported This will probably decline as the American short gray motif becomes better publicized Worldwide nuwnTy fcHy wm nïri Vînq fiiffprpnces tag cpininn lirHi n TT fl nnrl nnrpin ntiTints of alien tUductionsï Long before the terms flying saucer or UFOs were invented science…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 15 The University of Washington psychologist Elizabeth Loftus has found that people can easily be made to believe they saw something they didnt In a typical experiment subjects will view a fil of a car accident When questioned about what they saw theyre casually given false information For example a stop sign is offhandedly referred to when…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 16 these witnesses but not those who report with comparable conviction encounters with gods demons angels and fairies Are all deeply felt stories true How can further progress be made Those treating abductees might explain to their patients that hallucinations are normal They might bear in mind that no patient can be wholly uncontaminated by the aliens…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 17 weight on so important a question As for the older UFO cases anecdotal accounts are subject to irreducible error This is not a criticism of those who claim abductions or of those who interrogate them It is merely a statement of human fallibility Where is the physical evidence Some abductees allege that aliens stole fetuses from…
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Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 18 disturbed soil but real alien technology vas in hand The analysis would be released momentarily Its 45 years later and were still waiting Where are the articles published in the refereed scientific literature in metallurgical journals in publications of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in Science or Nature Such a discovery would be momentous…
Image 90 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 which we may be misled the fashioning of our beliefs and perhaps even the origins of our religions There is genuine scientific paydirt in UFOs and alien abductions but it is I think of a distinctly terrestrial nature Box Aliens and the Big Bang 19 It is my practice to send early drafts of my articles to…
Image 91 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
Box at end of Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 20 complains that I have no idea of the extent of the evidence the weight of the literature or the range and thoroughness of the work in the field He compares my writing about alien abduction to his writing about the Big Bang He has no credentials in cosmology he suggests perhaps never…
Image 92 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
Box at end of Are We Being Visitad II 2Cf 22093 21 that hundreds of scientists in a dozen nations have carried out independent studies all of which show the same unmistakable signature of the now wan remnant of the great fireball that began the Universe or at least its present incarnation Any skeptic might devise an independent experiment to see if she too…
Image 93 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
r Box at end of Are We Being Visited II 2C 22093 22 and repeatedly consistent with it This does not mean that there arent a few competent astronomers who are skeptical about Big Bang cosmology It is one of the strengths of science that every issue is open to debate But the scientific skeptics of Big Bang cosmology understand that they must provide…
Image 94 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
î o c A m m Ç 4kx t arir IS s r hIima cief o k f Pr le jOmiC In the ible it talks about terrestrial and celestial bodies This is not to say that God is out for sexual abuse on people or that were crazy Q Sagan refuses to take seriously the witnesses reports of anything that twentiethcentury science cant…
Image 95 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
32393atl mentally to face up to it all Perhaps you share the view that whats going on with respect to UFOs and aliens if deemed real would be too traumatic to think about However theyve shown themselves until back some 500015000 years or more ago when they were here for extended periods spawning the godgoddess mythology of all cultures The bottom line is that…
Image 96 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
32393atl I hope that I never feel so superior that I cannot acknowledge that Creation is not limited to myself but encompasses the Universe and all its entities I cant believe you would publish Carl Sagans UFO crap 0 0 which is just more of what our government want the public to believe I wonder how some of our fellow animals may describe their…
Image 97 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
32393atl 6 Sagan is now the top authority and debunker of UFO for the US govt 5y This is a grotesquely challenging arena I studied UFOs for over 20 years Finally I became quite disenchanted by the cult and the cult fringe groups JoJ I am a 47yearold grandmother who has been the victim of this phenomena since early childhood I do not nor…
Image 98 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
32393atl are not stigmata Please be aware that the majority of abductees claim to have had no interest in UFOs previously I am one have no history of childhood abuses I am one have no désira for publicity or notoriety I am one and in fact have gone to great lengths to avoid acknowledging any involvement whatsoever assuming he or she is experiencing a…
Image 99 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
32393atl The ultimate victim role is the one between an abusive parant and the victimized child i Hynosis prepares the mind for the invasion of demons devils and little gray men God wants us to be clothed and in our right minds Anything your little gray men can do Christ can do better1 VW I am having communication with an alien being This communication…
Image 100 of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
t32393atl subconscious mind The writer was laughed at ridiculed had his life threatened because of presenting these ideas You sir are in a position to do one of two things Know about the abductions and be covering them up or feel that because you have not been abducted perhaps they are not interested in you they do not occur You a great scientist who…
Contributor:
Sagan, Carl
Date:1993-02-20
About this Item
Title
Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space : second draft
Names
Sagan, Carl (Author)
Headings
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Sagan, Carl
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Outer space--Exploration
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Planets
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Space colonies
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Astronautics--Human factors
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Asteroids
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Manuscripts
Genre
Manuscripts
Notes
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The second of twenty full drafts of Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space, published in 1994. Sagan discusses the history of astronomy and considers the future of humanity in space, arguing that it is necessary for humanity's survival to explore and ultimately terraform and create human settlements on planets and asteroids. The draft is made up of interleaved notes. These notes were transcribed from audio recordings dictated by Carl Sagan. The resulting assembled document was then extensively marked up and revised by Sagan. In cases where Sagan wrote notes on the back of printed pages those pages were digitized.
Medium
Dimensions in inches: 11 x 8 1/2
Source Collection
The Seth MacFarlane Collection of the Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan Archive
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Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as
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Chicago citation style:
Sagan, Carl. Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space: Second Draft. 1993. Manuscript/Mixed Material. https://www.loc.gov/item/cosmos000044/.
APA citation style:
Sagan, C. (1993) Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space: Second Draft. [Manuscript/Mixed Material] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/cosmos000044/.
MLA citation style:
Sagan, Carl. Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space: Second Draft. 1993. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/cosmos000044/>.
