Library of Congress >> MARC >> Bibliographic >> 01X-09X  >> 046

046 - Special Coded Dates (R)


MARC 21 Bibliographic - full
June 2021

First Indicator Second Indicator
Type of entity
# - No information provided
1 - Work
2 - Expression
3 - Manifestation

Undefined
# - Undefined


Subfield Codes
  • $a - Type of date code (NR)
  • $b - Date 1, B.C.E. date (NR)
  • $c - Date 1, C.E. date (NR)
  • $d - Date 2, B.C.E. date (NR)
  • $e - Date 2, C.E. date (NR)
  • $j - Date resource modified (NR)
  • $k - Beginning or single date created (NR)
  • $l - Ending date created (NR)
  • $m - Beginning of date valid (NR)
  • $n - End of date valid (NR)
  • $o - Single or starting date for aggregated content (NR)
  • $p - Ending date for aggregated content (NR)
  • $x - Nonpublic note (R)
  • $z - Public note (R)
  • $2 - Source of date (NR)
  • $3 - Materials specified (NR)
  • $6 - Linkage (NR)
  • $8 - Field link and sequence number (R)

FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE

Date of item information that either cannot be recorded in 008/06-14 (Type of date/Publication status, Date 1, Date 2) because such information involves one or more Before Common Era (B.C.E.) dates, incorrect dates, dates when resources have been modified or created, and date spans when resources are valid, or is recorded here in addition to appearing in 008/06-14. When field 046 is used for B.C.E. dates, 008/06 is set to code b (No date given; B.C.E. date involved) and field 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contain blanks (####). When field 046 is used for incorrect dates, field 008/06 is coded for the type of corrected data and field 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contain correct dates.


GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

Guidelines on how to transcribe a date in subfields $b, $c, $d, and $e are generally the same as those specified under 008/06 (Type of date/Publication status), 008/07-10 (Date 1) and 008/11-14 (Date 2), except that incorrect dates and B.C.E. dates may be recorded only in field 046.

Precedence of codes (monographic items) - When more than one code applies to the date(s) related to a bibliographic item, use the lists below to determine the appropriate code to use. In each list, codes listed first take precedence over codes listed subsequently. The first list covers single part items and multipart items completed in one year. The second list covers multipart items for which a span of dates is required.

Single part/multipart items complete in one year

r Reissue and original date
s Single date
p Distribution and production dates
t Publication and copyright dates
x Incorrect dates
q Questionable date
n Unknown date

Collections/multipart items complete in more than one year

i Inclusive dates
k Bulk dates
r Reissue and original dates
m Multiple dates
t Publication and copyright dates
x Incorrect dates
n Unknown date

INDICATORS

First Indicator - Type of entity

Type of entity for which a date is recorded.

# - No information provided
1 - Work

Date related to the work.

046 1#$k1874$2edtf
[Work created in 1874]
2 - Expression

Date related to the expression.

046 1#$o1975$p2006$2edtf
046 2#$o2014$2edtf
[Compilation of works created from 1975 to 2006 and translated in 2014]
3 - Manifestation

Date related to the manifestation.

Second Indicator - Undefined

SUBFIELD CODES

$a - Type of date code

046 ##$ak$b1000$d500
046 ##$aq$b250$e100
046 ##$ax$c1693$e1639

$b - Date 1, B.C.E. date

Before Common Era (B.C.E.) Date 1 (type of date normally recorded in 008/07-10).

046 ##$as$b245
[A coin dated from 245 B.C.E.]

$c - Date 1, C.E. date

Common Era (C.E.) Date 1 (type of date normally recorded in 008/07-10). In the case of an incorrect date 1, the incorrect date is recorded in field 046 while the corrected date is recorded in 008/07-10.

046 ##$ar$c1936$d210
[A 1936 replica of a Roman sculpture dated from 210 B.C.E.]
046 ##$ax$c1703
[Incorrect C.E. Date 1; corrected Date 1 “1730" recorded in 008/07-10]

$d - Date 2, B.C.E. date

B.C.E. Date 2 (type of date normally recorded in 008/11-14).

046 ##$aq$b299$d200
[A sculpture dating from sometime in the 3rd century B.C.E.]

$e - Date 2, C.E. date

C.E. Date 2 (type of date normally recorded in 008/11-14). In the case of an incorrect date 2, the incorrect date is recorded in field 046 while the corrected date is recorded in 008/11-14.

046 ##$ai$b99$e99
[A collection of bowls. The inclusive dates are from the beginning of the 1st century B.C.E. to the end of the 1st century C.E.]
046 ##$ax$e1939
[Incorrect C.E. Date 2 for a multipart item published between 1990 and 1993; corrected Date 2 “1993" recorded in 008/11-14]

$j - Date resource modified

Dates in subfield $j usually relate to Web pages and other electronic media that routinely contain the date of last update. The date and time are recorded according to Representations of Dates and Times (ISO 8601) unless subfield $2 (Source of date) specifies another date scheme. The date requires 8 numeric characters in the pattern yyyymmdd (4 for the year, 2 for the month, and 2 for the day). If applicable, the time requires 8 numeric characters in the pattern hhmmss.f (2 for the hour, 2 for the minute, 2 for the second, and 2 for a decimal fraction of the second, including the decimal point). The 24-hour clock (00-23) is used.

046 ##$j20010712
245 00$aCounty business patterns, United States.
856 41$uhttp://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/cbptotal.html $zScroll down to "United States" and click on desired issue (requires Adobe Acrobat software, which is available for download)
[The item was last modified on July 12, 2001]

$k - Beginning or single date created

Date or beginning of the date range on which a resource has been created. Dates contained in subfield $k may or may not be coded elsewhere in the formats. The date is recorded as specified in subfield $j (Date resource modified).

046 ##$k19981022
245 00$aMARC 21: Harmonized USMARC and CAN/MARC
856 40$uhttp://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/annmarc21.html
[The item was created on October 22, 1998]

$l - Ending date created

Ending date of a date range on which a resource has been created. The date is recorded as specified in subfield $j (Date resource modified).

$m - Beginning of date valid

Beginning of the date span for the validity of a resource. The date is recorded as specified in subfield $j (Date resource modified).

$n - End of date valid

Ending of the date span for the validity of a resource. The date is recorded as specified in subfield $j (Date resource modified).

046 ##$m20011008$n20011027
245 00$a[Title of train schedule]
856 41$u[URL to train schedule]
[The train schedule is valid from October 8, 2001 - October 27, 2001]

$o - Single or starting date for aggregated content

Single or starting date of original release of the contents of a collection/aggregation.

008/06-14 m19859999
046 ##$o1800$p1899
[A set of English drama originally created 1800-1899 and published as a microform set beginning in 1985]

$p - Ending date for aggregated content

Ending date of original release of the contents of a collection/aggregation.

008/06-14 s2006####
046 ##$o1932$p1940
[A DVD set of films originally released 1932-1940 and issued as a collection in 2006]

$x - Nonpublic note

Note relating to the date(s) recorded in the field. The note is written in a form that is not adequate or intended for public display.

$z - Public note

Note relating to the date(s) recorded in the field. The note is written in a form that is adequate or intended for public display. It is not intended to substitute for system programming that correctly parses the date information itself for display purposes.

046 2#$k1951$2edtf$zTranslation date
046 1#$k2008$2edtf$zCreation date
046 1#$k2015$2edtf$zRelease date

$2 - Source of date

Source of the date scheme used in the field if not in the form yyyymmdd as specified in subfield $j (Date resource modified).

Code from: Date and Time Scheme Source Codes.

046 ##$j2001-07-12$2[Code for W3CDTF]
245 00$aCounty business patterns, United States.
856 41$uhttp://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/cbptotal.html $zScroll down to "United States" and click on desired issue (requires Adobe Acrobat software, which is available for download)
[Note that W3C DTF is an alternative form specified in ISO 8601]

$3 - Materials specified

Part of the described materials to which the field applies.

046 1#$3Fear in the night$o1947$2edtf
046 1#$3D.O.A.$o1949$2edtf
046 1#$3The hitch-hiker$o1953$2edtf
245 00$aFilm noir triple DVD feature.

$6 - Linkage

See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$8 - Field link and sequence number

See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.


INPUT CONVENTIONS

Length of date - When the date input in subfield $b, $c, $d, or $e is not four digits in length, it is not right justified, and no zeros are added.

Preferred order of subfields - Date 1 subfields ($b, $c or $k) precede the Date 2 subfields ($d, $e or $l).


CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY

Field 046 - Special Coded Dates [REDESCRIBED, 2016]
Redescribed to clarify that dates recorded in 008/06-14 may additionally be recorded in field 046.

Indicator 1 - Type of entity [NEW, 2021]
# - No information provided [NEW, 2021]

1 - Work [NEW, 2021]

2 - Expression [NEW, 2021]
3 - Manifestation [NEW, 2021]

Prior to 2021, Indicator 1 was undefined.

$b - Date 1, B.C. date [RENAMED, 2016]
$d - Date 2, B.C. date [RENAMED, 2016]
$j - Date resource modified [NEW, 2002]
$k - Beginning or single date created [NEW, 2002]
$k - Beginning or single date created [REDESCRIBED, 2016]

Redescribed to clarify that dates contained in subfield $k may also be coded elsewhere in the formats.

$l - Ending date created [NEW, 2002]
$m - Beginning of date valid [NEW, 2002]
$n - End of date valid [NEW, 2002]
$o - Single or starting date for aggregated content [NEW, 2013]
$p - Ending date for aggregated content [NEW, 2013]
$x - Nonpublic note [NEW, 2021]
$z - Public note [NEW, 2021]
$2 - Source of date [NEW, 2002]
$3 - Materials specified [NEW, 2021]

Library of Congress >> MARC >> Bibliographic >> 01X-09X  >> 046
(06/03/2021)
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