| First Indicator | Second Indicator |
|---|---|
| Access method # - No information provided 0 - Email 1 - FTP 2 - Remote login (Telnet) 3 - Dial-up 4 - HTTP 7 - Method specified in subfield $2 |
Relationship # - No information provided 0 - Resource 1 - Version of resource 2 - Related resource 3 - Component part(s) of resource 4 - Version of component part(s) of resource 8 - No display constant generated |
| Subfield Codes | |
|---|---|
|
|
Contains the information needed to locate and access electronic information pertaining to a community service such as the service or event website or related resources. Subfields $y (Link text) and $z (Public note) may be used to specify the type of electronic information. The phrase "networked electronic resource" is used to refer to an electronic resource for which content is accessed using a network protocol like telnet, http, ftp, etc.
Field 856 is repeated when the location data elements vary (the URL in subfield $u or subfields $a and $d, when used). It is also repeated whenever the electronic filename varies (subfield $f), except when a single intellectual item is divided into different parts for online storage or retrieval.
First Indicator - Access method
Value that defines the access method to the electronic resource. If the resource is available by more than one access method, the field is repeated with data appropriate to each method. The methods defined are the main TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocols.
When recording a URL in subfield $u the value corresponds to the access method (URL scheme), which is also the first element in the URL string.
Access to the electronic resource is through electronic mail (email). This access includes subscribing to an electronic journal or electronic forum through software intended to be used by an email system.
Access to the electronic resource is through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
Access to the electronic resource is through remote login (Telnet).
Access to the electronic resource is through a conventional telephone line (dial-up). Additional information in subfields of the record may enable the user to connect to the resource.
Access to the electronic resource is through the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
Access to the electronic resource is through a method other than the defined values and for which an identifying code is given in subfield $2 (Source of access).
Second Indicator - Relationship
Relationship between a networked electronic resource at the location identified in field 856 and the resource described in the record as a whole.
No information is provided about the relationship of the networked electronic resource identified in field 856 to the bibliographic resource described by the record as a whole.
Record describes a networked electronic resource. Electronic location in field 856 is for the complete networked electronic resource described by the record as a whole. If the electronic location in field 856 is for one or more component parts of the resource represented by the record as a whole, use second indicator value 3 (Component part(s) of resource).
Record describes a non-electronic resource, e.g., a printed book, or a non-networked electronic resource, e.g., CDROM. The electronic location in field 856 is for a networked electronic version of the resource described by the record as a whole. In this case, the bibliographic record itself does not represent the networked electronic resource but a networked electronic version is available.
Electronic location in field 856 is for a networked electronic resource that has a clear, specific, and direct bibliographic relationship to the bibliographic resource described by the record as a whole but is not a component part of the resource. For resources that have only a subject relationship to the resource described, use 6XX fields. When there is uncertainty whether a resource may be a component part of the whole or a related resource, prefer second indicator value 2.
Record describes a networked electronic resource. The electronic location in field 856 is for one or more component parts of the complete electronic resource described by the record as a whole. The component parts are portions of the resource, such as a table of contents or a sample chapter. Consider each of multiple fields 856 that add up to a complete representation of the networked electronic resource to be a component part. When appropriate, use subfield $3 to specify the component part(s) to which the field applies. When there is uncertainty whether a resource may be a component part of the whole or a related resource, use second indicator value 2 (Related resource).
Record describes a non-electronic or a non-networked electronic resource. The electronic location in field 856 is for a version of one or more component parts of the resource described by the record as a whole. The component parts are versions of portions of the resource, such as a table of contents or a sample chapter. When appropriate, use subfield $3 to specify the component part(s) to which the field applies. When there is uncertainty whether a resource may be a component part of the whole or a related resource, prefer second indicator value 2 (Related resource).
$a - Host name
Fully qualified domain (host name) of the electronic location. It contains a network address which is repeated if there is more than one address for the same host.
| 856 | 1#$aharvada.harvard.edu$aharvarda.bitnet | ||||||||
$c - Compression information
Information about the compression of a file; in particular, whether a specific program is required to decompress the file.
Subfield may be repeated if two compression programs are used, noting the latest compression first.
| 856 | 1#$amaine.maine.edu$cMust be decompressed with PKUNZIP$fresource.zip$s16874 bytes | ||||||||
$d - Path
Path is the series of logical directory and subdirectory names that indicate where a file is stored. The filename itself is recorded in subfield $f. This may be a surrogate path leading the user to the host where complete and current access information is stored in a locator table.
| 856 | 1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$d/aii/admin/CAT.games$fmac-qubic.22.hqx | ||||||||
$f - Electronic name
Electronic name of a file as it exists in the directory/subdirectory indicated in subfield $d on the host identified in subfield $a. Subfield $f may be repeated if a single logical file has been divided into parts and stored under different names. In this case, the separate parts should constitute a single item. In all other cases, a file that may be retrieved under different filenames contains multiple occurrences of field 856, each with its corresponding electronic name in subfield $f. A filename may include wildcard characters (e.g., * or ?) if applicable. Use subfield $z to explain how files are named, if needed.
| 856 | 1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$dmirrors/info-mac/util$fcolor-system-icons.hqx | ||||||||
| 856 | 0#$akentvm.bitnet$facadlist file1$facadlist file2$facadlist file3 | ||||||||
$g - Persistent identifier
Persistent identifier (PID) assigned to the resource for automated access and other resolution services by a PID resolver. PIDs should be provided as actionable hyperlinks (e.g., HTTP URI format).
If a PID resolves to more than one URI, these URIs may be provided in the same 856 field, with repeated subfield $u.
$h - Non-functioning Uniform Resource Identifier
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which is no longer functional, for example, due to link rot, content drift, etc.
Subfield $h may be repeated if there is more than one non-functioning URI. A note on the status change (including the date) may be added in either in subfield $x or subfield $z, depending on the local policy.
$l - Standardized information governing access
The subfield contains standardized information about the access status of a resource. The information may be in the form of a value from a controlled vocabulary, or a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). If the information is a value from a controlled vocabulary, it is preceded by the appropriate value from the list of Access Restriction Term Source Codes, enclosed in parentheses. When the information is given in the form of a Web retrieval protocol, e.g., HTTP URI, no preceding parenthetical is used.
$n - Terms governing access
The subfield contains textual information about the access status of a resource.
$m - Contact for access assistance
Name of a contact for assistance in accessing a resource at the host specified in subfield $a. For addresses relating to the content of the resource itself (i.e. the item represented by the title recorded in field 245) rather than access assistance, field 270 is used. If the address data is the same, use field 270.
| 856 | 2#$agopac.berkeley.edu$mRoy Tennant | ||||||||
$o - Operating system
Operating system used by the host specified in subfield $a may be indicated here, for informational purposes. Conventions for the path and filenames may be dependent on the operating system of the host. For the operating system of the resource itself (i.e., the item represented by the title recorded in field 245), rather than the operating system of the host making it available, field 753 (Technical Details Access to Computer Files), subfield $c (Operating system) is used.
| 856 | 1#$aseq1.loc.gov$d/pub/soviet.archive$fk1famine.bkg$oUNIX | ||||||||
$p - Port
Portion of the address that identifies a process or service in the host.
| 856 | 2#$amadlab.sprl.umich.edu$p3000 | ||||||||
$q - Electronic format type
Identification of the electronic format type and version. Electronic format type should be specified with a code from the list of registered Internet Media Types (MIME types), taken from: IANA Media Types. If necessary (e.g., in order to specify a file format version to support access or digital preservation) additional information, such as PRONOM Unique Identifier (PUID) codes, may be included in addition to the information provided by the MIME Type by repeating subfield $q.
| 856 | 1#$aarchive.cis.ohio-state.edu$dpub/comp.sources.Unix/volume 10$fcomobj.lisp.10.Z$qbinary | ||||||||
$r - Standardized information governing use and reproduction
The subfield contains standardized information about the use and reproduction rights of a resource. The information may be in the form of a value from a controlled vocabulary, or a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). If the information is a value from a controlled vocabulary, it is preceded by the appropriate value from the list of Access Restriction Term Source Codes, enclosed in parentheses. When the information is given in the form of a Web retrieval protocol, e.g., HTTP URI, no preceding parenthetical is used.
$s - File size
Size of the file as stored under the filename indicated in subfield $f. It is generally expressed in terms of 8-bit bytes (octets). It may be repeated in cases where the filename is repeated and directly follows the subfield $f to which it applies. This information is not given for journals, since field 856 relates to the entire title, not to particular issues.
| 856 | 1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$dmirrors/info-mac/util$fcolor-system-icons.hqx$s16874 bytes | ||||||||
| 856 | 0#$akeptvm.bitnet$facadlist file1$s34,989 bytes$facadlist file2$s32,876 bytes$facadlist file3$s23987 bytes | ||||||||
$t - Terms governing use and reproduction
The subfield contains textual information about the use and reproduction rights of a resource.
$u - Uniform Resource Identifier
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which provides standard syntax for locating an object using existing Internet protocols or by resolution of a persistent identifier (PID). Field 856 is structured to allow for the creation of a URL from the concatenation of other separate 856 subfields. Subfield $u may be used instead of those separate subfields or in addition to them.
Subfield $u may be repeated if more than one URI is recorded.
URIs which no longer function to provide access to the described resource may be transferred to 856 $h.
| 856 | 1#$uftp://path.net/pub/docs/urn2urc.ps | ||||||||
| 856 | 7#$uhttp://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/semdigdocs/seminar.html$2http | ||||||||
$v - Hours access method available
Hours that access to an electronic resource is available at the location indicated in this field. If the record is for a system or service, the hours of availability are recorded in field 307 (Hours, etc.). This subfield is only used to record hours of availability of the specific location indicated in field 856.
| 856 | 2#$apac.carl.org$mCARL Situation Room$m[email protected]$v24 hours | ||||||||
| 856 | 3#$alocis.loc.gov$m[email protected]$vM-F 6:00 a.m.-21:30 p.m. USA EST, Sat. 8:30-17:00 USA EST, Sun. 13:00-17:00 USA EST | ||||||||
$w - Record control number
System control number of the related record preceded by the MARC code, enclosed in parentheses, for the agency to which the control number applies. The data in the subfield links field 856 to the MARC record having the same data in a control number field. See Appendix G for a listing of organization code sources used in MARC 21 records.
$x - Nonpublic note
Note relating to the electronic location of the source identified in the field. The note is written in a form that is not adequate or intended for public display. It may also contain processing information about the file at the location specified.
| 856 | 1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$cdecompress with PKUNZIP.exe$d/mirrors2/win3/games$fatmoids.zip$xcannot verify because of transfer difficulty | ||||||||
$y - Link text
Link text which is used for display in place of the URL in subfield $u. When subfield $y is present, applications should use the contents of subfield $y as the link instead of the content of subfield $u when linking to the destination in subfield $u. The use of the link text is independent of any decision concerning the second indicator value.
| 856 | 4#$uhttp://susdl.fcla.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~fdl/fdlcgi?FA00000011 %2Fjpg$yElectronic resource (JPEG) | ||||||||
| 856 | 4#$uhttp://susdl.fcla.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~fdl/fdlcgi?FA00000011%2Fpdf$yElectronic resource (PDF) | ||||||||
$z - Public note
Note relating to the electronic location of the source identified in the field. The note is written in a form that is adequate or intended for public display.
$2 - Access method
Access method when the first indicator position contains value 7 (Method specified in subfield $2). Code from: Electronic Access Methods Code List.
| 856 | 7#$3b&w film copy neg.$dLCPP003B$f3B44639$2file | ||||||||
$3 - Materials specified
Part of the item to which the field applies.
| 856 | 42$3Finding aid$u//lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ead/jackson.sgm | ||||||||
$6 - Linkage
See the description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.
$7 - Access status
Code indicating the availability of access to the networked electronic resource the address of which appears in subfield $u. Subfield $7 applies to all subfields $u present in the field.
The networked electronic resource is freely and openly accessible online to everyone, without restriction, login, or payment.
The networked electronic resource is not freely and openly accessible online.
$8 - Field link and sequence number
See the description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.
Display Constants - Introductory terms or phrases such as Electronic resource:, Networked electronic resource:, Networked electronic version of resource:, etc. are not carried in the MARC record. They may be system generated as display constants associated with the second indicator value.
| Second indicator | Display constant |
|---|---|
| # | Electronic resource: |
| 0 | Networked electronic resource: |
| 1 | Networked electronic version of resource: |
| 2 | Related networked electronic resource: |
| 3 | Networked component part of electronic resource: |
| 4 | Networked component part of resource: |
| 8 | [no display constant generated] |
Spacing underscore and tilde in URLs - In February 1994, additional characters in the MARC character set were defined to both accommodate existing bibliographic needs and to align it with the ASCII and ANSEL character sets. Both the spacing underscore and the spacing tilde were added at the time because of the need in directory and file names for electronic resources.
Many systems have implemented these characters, however, for systems that have not implemented the spacing underscore and tilde, the following alternative characters may be used:
| %5F for spacing underscore |
| %7E for spacing tilde |
In 2022 Indicator 2 and its values were updated to reflect contemporary usage, clarify the defined relationships, allow for identification of component parts, and support access to online resources in an environment dominated by web resources.
Because subfield $g (Electronic name - End of range) was rarely if ever used, it was redefined as Uniform Resource Name in 1997. It was subsequently made obsolete in favor of recording the URN in subfield $u.
Originally defined to contain an indication of whether the file was transferred as binary or ASCII. Redefined to contain type of electronic format.
Subfield $q was made repeatable and was redescribed in order to more accurately specify electronic file formats and their versions.
Prior to 1999, subfield $u was defined as Uniform Resource Locator and was repeatable. It was changed to not repeatable because of ambiguity in determining when the subfield could be repeatable. Subfield $u was changed back to repeatable and renamed Uniform Resource Identifier in 2000 to record both URLs and URNs after subfield $g was made obsolete.
The definition of subfield $u was broadened in order to accommodate the recording of persistent identifiers (PIDs) and multiple URLs in a single 856 field.