NAME: New 007 field type for Remote-Sensing Images in the Bibliographic and Holdings Formats
SOURCE: ALA Committee on Cataloging and Classification, Map and Geography Round Table
SUMMARY: This proposal suggests defining a new 007 for information related to the physical description of remote-sensing images in field 007 (Physical Description Fixed Field) for Maps.
KEYWORDS: Field 007 (Bibliographic/Holdings); Remote-sensing images; Physical Description Fixed Field
RELATED: DP95
STATUS/COMMENTS:
12/15/96 - Forwarded to USMARC Advisory Group for discussion at the February 1997 MARBI meetings.
2/17/97 - Results of USMARC Advisory Group discussion - Approved with the following changes:
- Change the name of code a in position 03 to Surface.
- Add the following values to position 08 (Sensor type):
u Unknown
z Other
- Make the description of position 03 indicate relative to the "target", not the "earth".
The group discussed making obsolete code r (Remote sensing image) in the Map 007/01. The representative from MAGRT expresssed some concern about including this change without broader consultation. On consultation with others in the cartographic community, this change was not endorsed. It is thus removed from this approval and will need to be presented as a separate proposal if the community wants it considered. It was not originally included in proposal 97-6 as presented.
2/28/97 - Result of final LC reveiew - Agreed with MARBI decision.
PROPOSAL NO. 96-9: Enhancements to field 007 (RSI) for
Remote-Sensing Images
1. BACKGROUND
This proposal suggests adding a new field 007 (Physical Description
Fixed Field - RSI) in the USMARC Bibliographic and Holdings formats
to accommodate information related to cartographic remote-sensing
images (RSIs). The changes proposed will permit the encoding of
information relating to position of the sensor, cloud cover,
platform, and technique. These physical characteristics related to
RSIs are collectively referred to as "coverage" information.
For many years it has been possible to encode certain physical
characteristics of maps in the eight character positions defined in
the maps field 007. When the cartographic item is an RSI (i.e.,
when field 007 character position 00 contains code a and 01
contains code r), the currently-defined positions are not adequate
to encode all the physical characteristics that might be desired in
coded form. The Committee on Cataloging and Classification, Map
and Geography Round Table has identified several data elements that
are important for the retrieval of RSIs. The cartographic
cataloging community would like to include these new data elements
in machine-readable records and has determined that the data would
be most useful if represented in coded form. Representation of
this information in coded form is needed to allow systems to limit
searching to known items that represent images with coverage
meeting the desired characteristics. Most of these categories of
information are fairly straightforward.
The National Archives of Canada is currently able to code RSI
information in a 009 field in CAN/MARC and, as part of format
harmonization, Canada would like to bring the coding into a non-
local field in the format. All of the RSI elements in the CAN/MARC
field 009 that Canada finds valuable are accommodated below.
2. DISCUSSION
Discussion Paper 95 described seven new bytes for the field 007
(Physical Description Fixed Field) for Maps in the USMARC
Bibliographic and Holdings formats to accommodate additional
information related to RSIs. Discussion indicated that the
Committee preferred that the RSI coded data be contained in a
separate 007, rather than using add-on positions that would be used
only for one special type of map or using the two length approach
to the 007 taken for the motion picture 007.
This proposal suggests that presence of clouds when the image was
taken can be handled by a single position with numeric codes
representing percentage of cloud cover in increments of 10%. The
division of cloud cover requested in this proposal differs somewhat
from similar data elements in other formats where, for example,
only 8 increments may be defined. The Map and Geography Round
Table is asking for 10 increments for several reasons. They want
to align the data element for remote-sensing images to the "Content
Standard for Digital Geo-Spatial Metadata", which uses increments
of 10%. They also indicated that despite suggestions that land
images with more than 10% cloud cover are unusable, images cover
the full range of views of the Earth from a distance taken from
various platforms.
The proposed new field is shown in Appendix A. The data elements
for the new field have been determined and reviewed by several US
and Canadian archivists.
3. PROPOSED CHANGES
In the Bibliographic and Holdings formats:
- Add field 007 (RSI) for cartographic remote-sensing images as
specified in Appendix A.
___________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX A
007 Remote-sensing Cartographic Images (R) [New field]
Code r indicates that the item is a cartographic remote-sensing
image or remote-sensing map. This is an image produced by a
recording device that is not in physical or intimate contact with
the object under study. This is a map or an image that is obtained
through various remote sensing devices such as cameras, computers,
lasers, radio frequency receivers, radar systems, sonar,
seismographs, gravimeters, magnetometers, and scintillation
counters. If the image has cartographic or bibliographic
information added it is referred to as a remote-sensing map.
The specific categories of information with proposed values and
character positions are given below.
Char. Pos. Data
00 Category of material
01 Specific material designation
02 Undefined
03 Altitude of sensor
04 Attitude of sensor
05 Cloud cover
06 Platform construction type
07 Platform use category
08 Sensor type
09-10 Data type
00 Category of material
A one-character alphabetic code indicates the category of
material to which the item belongs is cartographic
remote-sensing image. The meaning of the remaining character
positions in field 007 are dependent upon the value in this
character position.
r Remote-sensing image
01 Specific material designation
A one-character code indicates the specific material
designation of the cartographic remote-sensing image. In this
case, no specific types are identified.
# No type specified
02 Undefined
03 Altitude of sensor
A one-character alphabetic code indicates the general position
of the sensor relative to the earth.
a Terrestrial
b Airborne
c Spaceborne
n Not applicable
u Unknown
z Other
04 Attitude of sensor
A one-character alphabetic code indicates the general angle of
the sensing device.
a Low oblique
b High oblique
c Vertical
n Not applicable
u Unknown
05 Cloud cover
A one-character alphabetic code indicates the amount of cloud
cover when the image was taken.
0 0-9%
1 10-19%
2 20-29%
3 30-39%
4 40-49%
5 50-59%
6 60-69%
7 70-79%
8 80-89%
9 90-100%
n Not applicable
u Unknown
06 Platform construction type
A one-character alphabetic code indicates the base used for
the sensing device.
a Balloon
b Aircraft--low altitude (<29,500 ft.)
c Aircraft--medium altitude (29,500-49,000 ft.)
d Aircraft--high altitude (>49,000 ft.)
e Manned spacecraft
f Unmanned spacecraft
g Land-based remote-sensing devices
Example includes trucks.
h Water surface-based remote-sensing devices
Examples include buoys, floating instrument
platforms (FLIP), platforms, ships)
i Submersibles
n Not applicable
u Unknown
z Other
07 Platform use category
A one-character alphabetic code indicates the primary use
intended for the platform specified in position 06.
a Meteorological
b Earth observing
c Space observing
m Mixed uses
The platform is used for several purposes.
n Not applicable
u Unknown
z Other
08 Sensor type
A one-character alphabetic code indicates the recording mode
of the sensor.
a Active
Sensor measures transmissions from the sensor
reflected by the target.
b Passive
Sensor measures radiation emitted by the target.
09-10 Data type
A one-character alphabetic code indicates spectral, acoustic
or magnetic characteristic of the sensor. It indicates both
the wave length of radiation measured and the type of sensor
used to measure it.
mm Combination of various data types
nn Not applicable
uu Unknown
zz Other (e.g., x-ray)
Data fusion (combinations)
Includes combinations from any of
the below data types as well as
fusions with other kinds of
cartographic data.
ma Multi-spectral, multidata
mb Multi-temporal
Visible
aa Visible light
Infrared
da Near infrared
db Middle infrared
dc Far infrared
dd Thermal infrared
de Shortwave infrared (SWIR)
df Reflective infrared
dv Combinations
dz Other infrared data
Microwave (radar)
ga Sidelooking airborne radar (SLAR)
gb Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) - Single frequency
gc SAR - multi-frequency (multichannel)
gd SAR - like polarization
ge SAR - cross polarization
gf Infometric SAR
gg polarmetric SAR
gu Passive microwave mapping
gz Other microwave data
Ultraviolet
ja Far ultraviolet
jb Middle ultraviolet
jc Near ultraviolet
jv Ultraviolet combinations
jz Other ultraviolet data
Acoustical (elastic waves)
pa Sonar - water depth (echo-sounding, etc.)
pb Sonar - bottom topography images (sidescan imaging
Includes both pc and pd.
pc Sonar - bottom topography - near surface
pd Sonar - bottom topography - near bottom (10-150 m.
altitude)
pe Seismic surveys
pz Other acoustical data
Gravity
ra gravity anomalies (general)
rb Free-air
rc Bouger
rd Isostatic
Magnetic field
sa Magnetic field
Includes inclination, declination and anomalies.
Radiometric surveys (gamma rays)
ta radiometric surveys
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